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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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The Munger Patent 

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Complete System lfi ufl' 
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Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressing. 



DALLAS, TEXAS AND BIRMINGHAI^ALA. 
FOR 1890. *S 



Roberts & Son, Printers and Binders, 

Birmingham, Alabama. 
1890 






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PLAIN TALK AB2UT HflNDLINQ COTTON 



IN THIS little book we have endeavored, in plain 
language, to show: 

First, The bad state of affairs which exists now, and 
which has always existed, to an alarming extent, in the 
South, with reference to its most valuable product, and 
the urgent necessity for the immediate adoption and use 
of a better method of handling, cleaning, ginning and 
passing it, and preparing it for market, and to prove the 
sam< perienced Spinners, Carders, Textile Jour- 

nals, and other eminent authority. 

Second, That we ha\ mplete and perf< 

of accomplishing this result, to the perfect satisfaction 
of, as well as great profit to, the Cotton producing and 
handling people of the world, and to prove the same by 
some of the leading (dinners, Farmers and Merchants of 
South. »il Mill and Cotto tory 

owners and managers, who i en, bought, tested 

and used it to their perfect satisfaction, and who are 
willing and ready to testify to the same. 

Respectfully, 
Munger Improved Cotton Machine M'f^g. Co. 

' Dallas, Texas. 
R. S. Munger, Birmingham, Ala. 



Our Complete System 



GONSISTS of one machine, which takes the cotton out of the 
wagon or bin, elevates, cleans, distributes, gins, tramps 
and presses it. and delivers it a perfect bale of perfectly 
ginned cotton without any handling whatever. We claim to-day, 
and have always claimed, many great advantages over any and all 
other systems ever offered to the cotton ginning world, all of 
which weare prepared to verify; among them, we will name, as 
compared with any system UBLfixistence, first : 

LESS ROOM REQUIRED 

To any practical man this is obvious from a glance at the cuts, 

even without seeing the outfit at work. The sizes of buildings 
usually put up for our complete outfit will verify this, which are 
for one 70-saw gin outfit, 10x32 ; for two, 16x38 ; for three, 10x4(3, 
and for four gins, 16x54. While 10 feet is wide enough for the 
building, it costs so little more, they are usually put up 18 feet 
wide, thereby having a surplus of room. A building of these 
dimensions, for any other system, was never dreamed of. Now, 
you ask, what are the advantages or profits gained by this reduc- 
tion of room required ? Our answer is, first, 

SAVING IN FIRST COST OF BUILDING 

For a 3- 70 -saw public ginnery, on the old plan, where the lint 
accumulates upon the floor, and the gins of ordinary length, the 
usual size of building put up is about 30x50 feet, or about double 
the size required for ours. This adds from 50% to 75% to the first 
cost of building alone. All this saving of room is accomplished 
with us, first, by the compact shape in which our gin stands are 
built, and second, by the fact, that our Revolving Double Box 
Press does away with the necessity of the room for the accumula- 
tion of lint behind the condensers. 

There are several other advantages gained by this reduction of 
room, as accomplished by our style of gins, especially in public 
ginneries, running two or more stands. For instance; three of 



The Mh.n m <»»• 



our 70-saw ginsoccupy about nineteen feet m length, allowin 
inches space between them. The .same three 70-saw gins of the 
old style, or any other make, allowing the same space between 
bands'; would require about twenty-six feet, or an addition 
Whal cl addition of six feet involve? you 

ask. First, an addition of six feet to the length of the gin build- 
ing, as stated before, which you may calculate for yourself, but 
which amounts to $100 to $300, according to the style and class 
of building you decide to put up. Second, an addition of the same 
six feel to your distributer, winch means not only the additional 
hist cust of the distributer,. but a greater wear and tear of belt, 
and of power required to run it, which, though very small, is 
by of consideration, and an addition of six feet that the cotton 
has to be conveyed by the distributer belt. Third, an addition of 
six feel to your lint Hue, provided you want to use that most 
valuable feature of our system. This involves not only the addi- 
tional first cost of the lint Hue, but an addition of six feet that 
the last gin has to blow the lint cotton, which is a very important 
item; for, while a good gin, properly constructed, and speeded as to 
brushes, will blow the cotton this additional six feet, yet it will 
not do it with the same ease and satisfaction that is the result of 
cutting off the six feet. Each additional foot in length of common 
flue, causes that much increase of friction of the lint in the Hue, 
and unless there is a proportional increase of gins and brushes, 
it will not work well. Fourth, in running either two, thr< 
four stands, with our gins, the labor of only one man is required. 
Now, with three gins of other make, the ginner is compelled to 
travel six feel every time he walks from one end of the gin to the 
other, and while this does not amount to much r if done only once, 
or even a-dozen times, yet, when he is compelled to do this from 
morning till night, day after day, and week after week, it signifies 
many a m >p, and many miles of hard work during the gin- 

ning season. By the use of our gins, all this extra labor is saved, 
and thereby permits his closer attention to the gins, and a conse- 
quent result of more and better Work for the gins ; and for a row 
of four, five or six gins, this feature is still the more important. 
The labor saved by the whole system is too evident to need 
more diseussion. Suffice it to say, that we have two gin outfits, 
where two men do both the ginning and pressing, and in some 
instances where the same labor can run three gins and do the 



H.wiH.n <!» Press 



pressing. However, in the busiest part of the season, it is econ- 
omy to use two men and a boy. By the use of our Elevator, Dis- 
tributer, and system of ginning direct into our Revolving Double- 
packing Press, all handling of either cotton seed, seed 
cotton, or lint cotton, is entirely done away with. 

THE DUST NUISANCE 

Who has not experienced the terrible effects of the dust and 
filth, in the ordinary ginning establishment, upon the health and 

comfort of the operatives ? Ordinarily, one who follows the busi- 
ness can last but a few years, at most, and, in fact, but a season 
or two, unless lie has naturally a strong constitution. Expe- 
riencing the evil effects of the dust upon the health of the opera- 
tives, was one incentive that led to the invention of our system. 
With our complete outfits, no such results are known, as they are 
as clean and healthy as any ordinary manufactory, and even more 
so than the cotton mill. By a proper location and construction 
of the building, it may be kept as clean as a dry-goods store. 
The dust and trash are separated to a great extent, especially by 
our Class B, or best grade of Elevator, and blown out of the gin 
room. The suction not only separates the dust from the seed 
cotton, but draws in any light floating particles of dust that may 
be flying about and expels them from the room, and in hot 
weather, the heated air is also exhausted, to a great extent, from 
the upper part of the building, and expelled from the room, 
thereby making the room dustless and the temperature more 
agreeable ; and as the first period of the ginning season is in the 
hottest summer months, this is of some importance. The dust 
flues from our condensers are extended out through the 
roof of the building, carrying the line dust and short lint 
entirely out of the building, while, with the ordinary plan, it is 
either allowed to fly around the gin room, or spouted beneath the 
floor, only to make the lower room unbearable, besides causing 
serious wear on the journals and machinery below. Oar lint cot- 
ton falls directly into the Press box, while with others, it has 
either to be picked up by hand or swept and tramped around 
under feet. We use only one condenser for any number of gins, 
while others use the same number of condensers as there are gins. 
Even supposing our condenser made no less dust than others 



The Hunger Patent Complete System <>k 



there being' only one instead of a number, would reduce, the 
amount of dust. From the above, it certainly is evident that 
with our system the business is more health;/ and pleasant. 

CLEANING COTTON. 



As our system stands pre-eminently alone in its capacity for 
cleaning cotton, it behooves us to try to show why it is preferable 

to do so, and why, sooner or later, all cotton will be required In 
he cleaned before it will pay to gin and market it. And as proof 
we refer you to the articles on this subject in this book, written 
by eminent scientists in Ibis line. We will make the hold asser- 
tion that Our complete system is the only method in existence, 
of handling, ginning and pressing cotton, that cleans it to any 
practical extent, and is, at the same time, sufficiently economical, 
and practical to cause its adoption and use to any extent. Cotton 
cleaners, as such, have been known for many years, and cotton 
cleaning has been recommended and advised — even urged — by 
cotton buyers and spinners for many years, lint there have 
been two conditions existing, which prevented its being done 
to any extent. First, there was not enough difference 
.made in the price of cotton cleaned and that which was not 
cleaned. But since the attention of spinners has been especially 
directed to so much badly handled and badly ginned cotton, they 
are seeking and offering better prices for that which is properly 
handled, cleaned and ginned. Second, all methods heretofore in 
existence for cleaning cotton required so much extra labor and 
expense to operate them that the ginner and planter could not 
afford to adopt or use them. The farmer was not willing to pay 
the extra price that was charged to run the cotton through them. 
The cotton had to be picked up and conveyed to the machine by 
one haud, fed into it by another, and then usually picked up and 
carried to the gins by another, and then carried from the gins to 
the press by still another — all of which involved so much extra 
labor and expense that it made their adoption and use both imprac- 
ticable and unprofitable. In some instances the cotton was con- 
veyed to the cleaners by drag belts, or other rude contrivances, 
but from the cleaners to the gins by hand, or the cotton had to be 
leveled in the feeders by hand, either, or all of which necessitated 
so much extra cost and labor for the small amount of benefit 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Press] 



visually added to the staple, or profit gained to the ginner or 
planter, especially in large ginneries, that it was never adopted to 
any practical extent. Hence the cry of so much badly handled 
cotton. Our system not only cleans the cotton from the 
time it enters tin; pipe in the wagon or stall until it is rolled out 
a perfect bale, but does the whole thing without any manipula- 
tion whatever. Herein lies the cause of its speedy adoption and 
popularity in those sections where it has been introduced and is 
well known. 

MIXINU C-OTTON 

There is no subject of more importance to' the value of cotton 
for making strong and even yarn and cloth than that of ''mixing." 
This will be verified by the letters published herein from promi- 
nent spinners and carders. They do not want the bale "mix 
packed," but they want the cotton "thoroughly mixed through 
the bale." The lack of this worries them to a great extent. We 
claim that our complete system is the only means in existence of 
accomplishing this to perfection. Cotton is usually picked by 
various hands, at various times, from different locations of the 
field. There will be one basketful of one grade or length of fiber, 
and one of another, picked and put in the wagon alternately, and 
all carried and delivered to the gin or stall in the same rotation, 
and it is then placed or dropped into the feeder, either by basket 
or otherwise, in quite the same rotation and condition that it 
conies from the field, fed into the gin in the same order, ginned 
into the condenser, picked up from the condenser and put 
into the press, all in just about the same rotation 
and condition that it comes from the field. Admitting that 
the cotton will be mixed to a small degree by the several 
handlings, the chances are that the ginned cotton is pressed into 
the bale in very nearly the same grades and condition that it is 
picked and brought from the field. Especially is this the case 
where there is as much as a quarter or half of a bale of one grade, 
condition, or length of fiber, and the balance of another, as is fre- 
quently unavoidably the case with a great portion of the small 
farmers, who now constitute the great mass of the cotton grow- 
ing people. It is a very common oceurrenee for several distinct 
grades of seed cotton to be brought to the gin in the same wagon, 
or in different wagons, to go into and make up one and the same 



Ms The Mung] mop 



hale. In some Idealities it is common to carry half a bale to the 
gin, and wait several days for the other half to l>e picked out, 
during which time a rain falls upon it, or a storm blows it out on 
the' ground, or there is a change of some of the picket's, or a 
change from one part i^ the field or patch to another, either one 
or more of these conditions may cause an entirely different grade 
of cotton to be carried to the gin to finish out the hale. The rains 
often fall upon it, either in the patch, pen or wagon; sometimes 
the cotton worms strike one part of the field before another, ami 

\ Inch the farmer has no con- 
trol, necessitate the mixing of different grades of seed cotton into 
the same bale of cotton. Hence so much complaint from the cot- 
ton spinner on that subject. The spinner complains, but the 
planter or ginner suffers the loss. It is reasonable to suppose 
that the spinner finds out what the hale is made of before he buys 
it, and that he makes all due allowance for these defects, includ- 
ing the labor and expense of separating and properly mixing and 
cleaning, which has to he done before it is of value to him ; and con- 
sequently the cotton buyer must make the same allowance, or he 
will he the loser. 

There is no separating, mixing, picking, or cleaning machinery 
that can do this work as perfectly after, as can he done by our com- 
plete system before and during, the process of separating it from 
the seed. By it the cotton is carried through so many different 
mixers, cleaners and dryers, both before and after ginning, that it 
is necessarily brought to a uniform grade before it is delivered into 
the hale. As it is drawn through the suction pipe it is mixed to 
some extent; then, by the distributer, it is carried into the 
feeders, and stirred, mixed and distributed from one side of the 
feeder to the other, and if two or more feeders, to each and every 
one alike, any overplus being carried over the end into a bin to be 
re-elevated over again at will, so that the ^ved cotton is almost 
thoroughly mixed. Yet, in addition to this, our patent system of 
ginning and handling the lint cotton from two or more j^ins 
through one long fine into one condenser and dropping directly 
into our Two-box Press, constitutes a very important and valuable 
feature in this operation. After the seed cotton has been so 
thoroughly mixed and distributed into the gin feeder or feeders, 
and ginned in a superior manner, by winch the original shape of 
the fiber is preserved as much as possible, it is then blown bj 



Handling, Cleaning, Gin: U 



gin brushes (which, l>y the way, have a greater peripheral speed 
in proportion to that of the gin saws than those of any other gin 
on the market), through our long Hue, until it strikes the drum of 
the condenser, whereby the fibers are so thoroughly mixed thatit 
is practically impossible for the finest cotton expert to detecl 
variations in the different grades of lint to correspond with the 
different lots of seed cotton thai were broughi from the field. 

Pit YINti COTTON 

The ginning of cotton thi damp is a great loss, 

first, to the planter, nexi to the ginner, and last to the spinner. 
Sometimes to the cotton broker, should he buy it not knowing its 
true inward condition. When the planter and ginner are one and 
the same, his loss is proportionately greater. Damp or wet cot- 
ton, will neither gin nor sample well. It will soon clog the saw 
teeth so they will not take hold of the Lint, and the brush cannot 
sweep the lint from them, and the gin refuses to work altogether. 
The roll will stop or break, the seeds that fall through will be 
covered with lint instead of being clean, and what lint is taken 
off and carried through the ribs, is wadded or bunched, snarled or 
kinked or nepped (as it is variously called) to such an c 
that it is utterly impossible to straighten it into its original shape 
by any system of machinery without great loss. The saws be- 
coming gummed have to be cleaned, involving delay and loss of 
valuable time. The seeds not being cleaned, cause loss in "turn 
out," or yield of lint, and so on. Now what is the remedy? 
Neither the farmer nor the ginner can stop the showers, which 
sometimes take them unawares in the field or on the road. Our 
advice is, tlo not gin wet cotton. We claim that our system is 
better adapted to drying cotton than any other, but we do not 
advise you to make too frequent or severe tests of this feature, 
especially if the cotton has had a recent shower on it ; though 
some of our customers say they can and do gin cotton which was 
"soaking" wet, and when it was impossible to handle at all by the 
old methods. 

By placing the cotton, however wet it may be, in a bin, allow- 
ing it to remain a short time until it has gone through a sweat or 
heat (not necessarily very hot), then passing it through our sys- 
tem, it will be loosened, dried, cleaned and ginned in a superior 



12 The Munger Patent Complete System of 

manner. In short, we do not recommend ginning wet or damp 
cotton, but where circumstances require it, as is often the case, 
our system will both dry and gin it to a much better advantage 
than other methods in use. 

PRESERVING THE NATURAL SHAPE OF COTTON FIBER 

There is no known mechanical means by which the natural 
shape of a properly matured fiber of cotton can be improved. If 
we can only preserve the natural shape we have accomplished 
much. 

If the cotton has been carefully picked from the boll, after it 
has fully matured, free from all foreign substances, such as dust 
or leaf trash, and free from moisture, there is no system of hand- 
ling that would improve its condition or shape. The above con- 
ditions of picking and ginning however, are practically impossible. 
Even supposing that the cotton was picked perfectly clean and 
dry, and delivered to the gin, there is no gin in existence that 
will separate the seed from the lint without, to some extent, bend- 
ing and doubling the fiber. Under the ordinary conditions in 
which the great portion of the cotton is put through the gin, and 
by being forced or crowded, in order to get as much work through 
as possible, the staple is very much cut, warped, and otherwise 
twisted out of shape. These deformities are usually called 
"neps" or "naps," and are caused either by the condition of the 
cotton, the imperfections of the machinery, or by the way it is 
handled, generally the last two. And while we cannot claim to 
have entirely overcome these difficulties, we do claim to have 
accomplished that result to a greater extent than is practiced, if 
now at all, outside of our system. 

Taking the average run of cotton, as it is brought from the 
field and put through the gin, we claim to deliver the fibers freed 
from impurities, and as nearly as possible in its natural shape. 
This is accomplished by the drying and loosening process of our 
seed cotton elevator to some extent, and by the peculiar construc- 
tion of our gins and brushes, but in the main by our patent lint 
flue system, by which, even supposing it to be imperfectly ginned, 
the lint is taken from the saws and blown for a distance of fifteen 
to fifty feet, according to size of outfit, and given time to expand 
from the V or doubled form given it by the saws, back into the 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressing. 13 



original shape in which it was before taken from the boll. Whereas, 
with other gins, the flues are only from two to four feet in 
length, and the fiber is whirled through that short distance so 
quickly, that no appreciable time is given it to straighten out, 
and it is delivered in about the same condition as it left the saws. 

That cotton fiber is elastic is evidenced by the amount of 
pressure required to press it into a small space ; the pressure re- 
quired to put 500 pounds into a space 27 inches wide, 54 inches 
long and 28 inches high is usually about 60,000 pounds, while 
that required to compress the same down to eight inches in height 
is about 5,000,000, the variations in pressure required being gov- 
erned by the amount of moisture in the cotton. The less moisture, 
the more elastic, and vice versa. 

In order to separate cotton from the seed by saws, the fiber 
must become doubled or wrapped around the teeth with sufficient 
tension to pull it from the seed, and in the greater portion of 
cotton, that known as short staple, the lint clings to the seed with 
great tenacity, so that in order to be pulled off it must be doubled 
around and pressed against the tooth with considerable force 
before it will separate, th< using the kinks, twists, neps, 

etc., mentioned before. Now, as we cannot deny that the lint is 
more <>r less doubled or hent out of shape by t lie saws, nor that 
the fiber is very clastic, we are bound to admit, that by blowing 
it through considerable space, shaking and sifting it about and 
allowing ample time for it to regain its natural shape before being 
checked and condensed by the drum oi the condenser, the shape 
of the liber, as well as the sample of lin ery much im 

proved. 

Only a few years ago, comparatively, the condenser for lint 
cotton, as now almost universally used, was unknown. The gin 
was placed on the upper floor by the side of a large room which 
usually extended to the ground. The lint was blown out intothis 
room, winch was required to be sufficiently ventilated to allow 
the air to escape freely and at the same time prevent the escape 
of the flying particles of lmt. This lint room, as it was called, 
was from twenty to sixty feet long, and the gin usually located 
near one end. From the gin the lint was blown and distributed 
the whole length of the building. The heaviest portion, such as 
s and that which was mixed with sand and dirt, would drop 
near the gin ; the extreme light particles, dust and cut lint, would 



14 The Mungek Patent Complete System of 

ity about the room and adhere to the walls or the outlets for air, 
while that which was blown to the far side of the building was 
invariably straightened out and cleaned, and was always.the best 
sample. As soon as the condenser was adopted it was placed 
just in the rear of the gin, as it is now, and the consequence was 
many thought that the condenser was actually injuring the sample 
of cotton, when in reality it was only preventing its expansion or 
straightening out. The most ignorant laborer knew where to go 
to get the best sample in the lint room. 

Our system of handling lint delivers it out as near perfect as is 
possible. It is all blown through the whole length of the flue, 
the dust, sand and leaf trash being sifted through the bottom, 
while the fibers, straightened and smoothed, are delivered into 
the press box. 

FIRE RISK AND INSURANCE 

Hundreds of ginneries arc completely destroyed by lire every 
year. Notices of such are nearly as common in the newspapers 
during the ginning season, as that of some poor fellow having his 
hands mangled or arms torn from bis shoulders by the saws of 
the gin. The cause of tin: most destructive tires in gin bouses, is 
not alone from the exceeding inflammability of cotton, but mostly 
from the amount of both seed cotton and lint lying around on the 
floor, flying about the roof and walls of the building as well as 
tg stored in the sa 

In our ginneries-, neither of these dangerous conditions of affairs 

from i ■ i or stall direct to 

the gins, and the linl cotton ginned direct to the press. Incase 
of accidental fire, (which will occur even with themost carefully 
guarded outfits) it is very easily extinguished. If there be no 
cotton, there can be no tire — just in proportion to the amount of 
seed and lint cotton scattered around will be the danger from 
fire. With other systems, the seed cotton is stored away in bins^ 
and close to the ,^ins, and the lint cotton is accumulated behind 
(be gin stands while tieing out the bale, and in case of tire it 
flashes like powder and instantly spreads over the whole building, 
generally burning and frightening the hands away, and in a few 
minutes the whole outfit is in ashes. With ours, there is no seed 
cotton scattered over the floor, or in bins close to the gin stands. 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressing. 15 



and* no dust flying around and hanging to the walls and, most im- 
portant of all, no lint cotton is accumulated behind the gins, so 
that in case of'fire, it is easily extinguished. Many persons have 
been severely burned by being caught in a heap of lint cotton, 
either on the floor or down in the press box, as the flames flash 
and • rapidly that it is sometimes impossible to get out of 

the lint or press box before being seriously if not fatally burned. 
With our lint handling system in connection with our Self-pack- 
ing Double-box Press, we certainly do away with all this risk, as 
there is no lint cotton on the floor, nor necessity of going down 
into the press box at all. 

Owing to the frequency of gins burning, you would hardly 
realize the fact that, though we have sold our outfits since 1883, 
there lias never a complete outfit burned up, either with our own 
gins or one used in connection with other gins. We have sold 
hundreds of them, every one of which, from the first to the last 
one, as far as we have heard, is still standing unharmed. 

Insurance companies, through tli its and managers, are 

having ti ntion called to this fact and are beginning to 

open their eyes. Several years since we began to call their atten- 
tion i of our system, as compared with others, but 
would pay no attention to our assertions. Now they can 
ir themselves. Some of our customers refuse to take out 
ies, preferring i<> carry their own risk than pay the enormous 
premiums that the compai compelled to demand from old 
style ginneries. But seven years have rolled by, and they see the 
same outfits standing that we put up at first, and those erected 
year since, and they see to their own satisfaction that ours 
is a safer plan, and have already in many instances given reduced 
(o our customers. However, not as yet to the extent that, 
the present, showing deserves, and we purpose calling attention 
more fully, and to a greater number of companies than before, 
and hope and expect to secure their attention with a proper ad- 
justment of rates to be in keeping with the comparative merits 
of on iome of our patrons hi 5 at about 
•ffered to others; others who did not receive such 
reduction, Inn d their own risks. We cheerfully refer to 
all of our customers on this point. Many who have lived in dread 
of fire for years, and at last burned up, have put in our system, 
and now assert that I I no more uneasiness about fire in 



16 The Mungeb Patent Complete System of 



their ginneries than they do with their residences, or other prop- 
erty. We refer with pleasure to Messrs. Addison & Carnes, of 
Dallas, Texas, who are experienced insurance agents, also Maj. 
Hu. F. Ewing, also of Dallas, who has had many years experience 
ginning and handling cotton, as well as insuring gins. 

SIMPLICITY 

To some people this term may seem at first sight inappropriate 
to our system. But if you will investigate, however, you will 
be convinced that it is simpler and easier to operate than the old 
style. Take a two-gin outfit, for comparison. With the old 
style the cotton has to be taken up from the wagon or bin in a 
basket, carried to the gin and leveled off in the feeder by hand. 
Any ginner well knows that if the cotton is not leveled in the 
feeder so that it will feed the gin regularly, the gin will break 
the roll and do its work very unsatisfactorily. All this requires 
not only much labor, but careful attention. Witli our elevator 
and distribute]', all you have to do is to feed the cotton to the 
pipe, and it will be carried to the feeder and leveled off perfectly, 
without labor or attention whatever. The same may be said of 
the lint cotton. With the old style rig the lint has to be taken 
from both or all of condensers and carried to the press by manual 
labor, being careful to take it away from each condenser, or else 
it will choke up and separate the lint from each and every con- 
denser between every bale; while with ours, all the labor of con- 
veying the lint to the press is avoided, being only necessary to 
separate the hales in the gin feeders, and the lint will separate 
itself as it drops into the press, it has been fully and practically 
tested that any one capable of running an old style rig success 
fully, can soon learn to run ours. However, if they should be 
prejudiced against improvements, or old fogyish in their ideas, 
the better plan is to employ a practical, common-sense man, even 
one who may never have run a gin, but who is quick to learn, and 
he will soon manage it. We know of such being the case, from 
experience. 

DISABILITY 

Ordinarily, a cotton gin outfit is calculated either to wear out or 
burn out within an average of four or rive years; and if yon do 
not wear it out, it will wear you out. Some outfits last much 



dling, Cleaning, Gin ing. 17 



i , of course, but others give out in much less time. Our 
machinery is all built with a special view to durability. From 
beginning to end it is a cleaner, not only of cotton, but of itself. 
It takes the dust and sand not only out of the cotton, but entirely 
out of the building, thereby preventing unnecessary wear on the 
machinery by the sand and grit, and by giving a steady and posi- 
tive motion, as is customary with our outfits, causes it to last 
much longer than the old style. 

The sand and grit that is usually mixed with the cotton as it 
comes from the Held soon wears oui h of the saws and the 

ribs, as well as all the journals and bearings. The rocks, nails, etc., 
that arc always more or less mixed with seed cotton, get into the 
gin and break or bend the saM the bristles of the brush, 

striki Lit off, so they do 

irk pro) »erly. Either or all of 
Id style outfits and have to be re- 
placed, while with our :ils, sand, and, in 
all foreign substan ■ taken out, il the machinery 
bo last longer than otherv 

1U ILD1NG WITH A VIEW TO ENLARGING 

Oil] 
ginnery, with demand may require. 

l''or i wish to put up a two-gin outfit at 

nd with tin' probabilil or more gins in 

the future. Suppose you wish nr calculations to add 

n\\f additional stand ;> may build 

lions, r the tl at first; or, if desired to 

enough for your two stands, 
and it will he \ 
in length when <li put in the other stand. Order the ele- 

•. distributer, condenser, engine and boiler large enough in 
the beginning for the I s, and you w ill have no difficulty 

and very littli ■ in turning your two-gin into a thr< 

outfit, and so on for any number. If your order is put in for dis- 
tributer for two gins, with prospect for a third one, thedistril 
would be proper height for the three gins, and thei 

that would have to be done would be to add to its length. In or-* 
dei- to use a t! ■• for two gins, it is only necessary 

to stop up part of the opening left in it for the lint flue, to make 



The Munger Patent I i op 



it fit a two-gin lint flue. Then to change from a two to a t! 
gin flue, enlarge the part tapering up to the condenser, and move 
the other section back to the last gin put in and connect the 
same flues. This is all done with but very little expense, making 
our system much easier added to than the old style, which is 
generally done by patch work, and with great inconvenience. 

Build your house for the machinery, and not the machinery for 
your lit misc. In other words, if you have an old rig and want to 
improve, it, it is best to throw away the old machinery and build 
your house to suit your new outfit than to attempt to patch up 
your old machinery and building; though we have, in many 
instances, adapted a complete outfit of our machinery to the old 
buildings in use, and will continue to do so, where it is to the 
interest of our customers. 

LOSS OF LIFE OR LIMB 

We are not in the life insurance business, but we are willing to 

sk of injury where our system is used, is much 

than with others, and in doing so, we do not wish to encour- 

n the ground that there is no danger, for there 

- danger in gin (cotton gin as well as other gin). A 

gin, in, is dangerous without lock, stock or barrel. 

We will not discuss the matter of risk from boiler or engine, 
belting or shafting, as we claim no special advantage in that 

Ct, though we do claim thai the opportunities to 
hands and arms mutilated, and frequent loss of life in conse- 
quence, are less frequent in operating our gins, being fed by our 

» and feeding machinery, thai 
work is done by hand or otherwis 

The ver he gins are fed regularly and perfectly by 

our system, causes them to run more regularly, and without 
frequent manipulation and close attention as is required other- 
wise. They are not so liable to choke up, in which case the 
breast has to be jarred up or down, or the cotton stirred with the 
hand as is frequently done with others. The fact is, our gins 
scarcely choke at all when properly started and fed by our system. 

lents sometimes occur from raising and lowering the ' 
by hand, as very few gins have appliances for doing this without 
catching hold of the lower part of the breast, very close to the 
lower part of the saws, Our gin has a lever with ;i comfortably 



II \.\ ! 19 



Eeeling handle, extending out to the right end, sufficiently far 
from the breast and saws to run no risk of injury from this source 
while at the same time allowing you to stand in an erect and 
comfortable position, and doing that work with perfect ease. 

Another source of danger is the vacant space that is usually 
left just under the lower edge of the breast, and between it and 
the cross timber of the gins. If cotton seeds lodge upon this 
piece of timber, or motes upon the front edge of the mote board, 
as is frequently the case, the inclination is to brush them off with 
the fingers. This may be done frequently, and perhaps for years, 
without a but when it suits can only be 

imagined by those who have experienced or witnessed it. The 
rule among ginners is, not to attempt to do these things with the 
fingers, but to use a stick or something- handy. But sometimes 
the stick is out of place, and as the hand is still in place, it is 
substituted, oftentimes with awful results. 

To avoid this as much as possible, wc place this timber 
to the lower breast as possible, then build the lower breast timber 
with a projection which extends underneath the saws and entirely 
this space, so that it is impossible to thrust the hands 
through, . relessly or intentionally, without first breaking 

off a part of the breast. 

Accidents sometime happen from moving the mote board, as 

: moving it without getting the 
hands mi our plan this 

is of one single strong bolt, which 

■I and extended to the front and 

middle of the gin, with a handle on the end, by which the mote 

hoard is regul and with pel and without 

the least possible danger \vh;ii> 

Although the newsp trtion of the accid 

which occur almost daily, they record enough to show the nerd of 
a system that will lessen these dangers. 

In our complete system, tin way 

;il from the gin, avoiding the 
danger usually th in removing them in the ordinary way 

THE BEST IS ALWAYS THE CHEAPEST 

In no business is this old adage more true and applicable than 
in the handling of cotton. The fiber is weak and delicate and is. 



20 The Mi .< of 



subject to much rough treatment before it reaches its final desti- 
nation in the woven fabric. 

Any system that not only avoids this bad treatment at the gin- 
nery, but improves the quality of the product in every operation, 
should certainly be hailed with joy. This we claim to do from 
beginning to end. Our machinery costs us much more to manu- 
facture than the old style, but we claim that the small addi- 
tional price which we are compelled to ask for it over and above 
the price of the old style, is more than two-fold repaid you by the 
various benefits and profits winch you derive from its use. 

DRAWINGS AND BLUE PRINTS 

We have complete sets of drawings and blue prints, which we 
furnish our customers, or our mechanics, to aid them in setting 
up our outfits. They are on the plan of those shown on pages 17, 
lid 1!» of our catalogue, being a greater variety of views and 
plans and more correct and explicit in detail, by referen 
winch, together with the information contained in our catalogue 
and printed directions, any reasonably well posted mechanic can 
properly put up and start our machinery. 

Owing to the cost of these drawings and the great varieties re 
quired to supply our demands, we furnish them to our pure): 
only. They can he seen in on , however, both in 1> 

Tex, is, and Birmingham, Ala. 

VOI R PATRONAGE DOUBLED 

By offering suitable inducements, custom will be drawn from a 
The cotton plani and must ha 

advantage that can be offered . and if you will take his cotton out 
of tin for him, and either buy it from him in the 

fair price, or gin it properly and promptly, so that he may go on 
about his other affairs, he will be induced considerable 

troul ich your gin and thereby increase your patron. ; 

MOST VSEI) WHERE BEST KNOWN 

Thi the beginning and rapid development of our 

n in the introduction to our catalogue, and a cut of 
the first outfit put up, in 1883, is shown on inside of bark of <•■ 
Although our machinery has been built and sold foi 



11 \ - UING, (il\ 

in tlic year 1889 about 75 per cent of our •• 

used in less than one hundred miles of its home, in Dallas. This 
is owing to the fact that sonic of the first ing made and 

machinery used near there served as advertisements for the 
»f others, especially so with complete outfits, including our 
gins. We have several complete outfits in and near Dallas, the re- 
sults of which compelled the construction of others. Wherever we 
sell one outfit we sell one or a-half dozen in same section or neigh- 
borhood the next year, having as many as three of our complete 
outfits in one small town and frequently two, and in many in- 
stances where only a part of* our system was put in at first we 
have been continually putting in other parts, until now they have 
the whole system. Many who have put in parts of ours with 

and 

oughly ii pressed regrets at not buying 

our whole system v that, if they hud it to do over 

n, they would certainly d< 

AHEAD OF THE TIMES 

It is sometimes said that our system is ahead of the country, 
or ahead of the times, that it cleans the cotton too well, and so on. 
Yes, we Avert- told that many times when we put up the first 
complete outfit in Texas in 1883. Vet if you will examine the 
d of our customers, and investigate the successful introduc- 
tion of our system, you will find that it is best thought of, praised 
and patronized where it is best known. If our system is valuable 
in one section, or one cotton state, why not another. It is true, 
we had to wait several years after perfecting the system before 
even the people who saw it, would adopt it liberally. But now 
as many have tested and proven its merits and superiority suffi- 
ciently, it is folly for you to wait longer for the times to catch up. 
If the times won't catch up, you leave them behind. You had as 
well lead as any one. Some must lead while others follow. We 
propose to lead in furnishing the best. Will you lead in buying 
and using it ? 

STORAGE OF SEEP COTTON 

As each person must be governed in this respect by his own 
liar circumstances, we cannot vn a plan th 



1 



suit all. The location, construction and dimensions of Cotton 
House depends on the amount of patronage, number of gins, 
tier of taking toll, whether buying the seed cotton or ginning 
for toll, whether located on a railroad or not, and soon. On 
pages lii ami 13 of our 1890 catalogue, we have shown plans of a 
house suitable to be separated from the gin house, with stalls, to 
be used at a custom ginnery. But various modifications of this 
plan may be used to suit circumstances. See also cut <>n inside 
of back cover, and other cuts in catalogue. We have drawings 
and blue prints, showing more completely, different arrangement 
and styles of building, which we furnish our purchasers, after 
they have ordered and furnished us with their views of what they 
want. But they are too expensive and too few of them to sup] 
only to purchasers. 

BITING COTTON IN THE SEED 

Different localities have different methods of tolling or re< 
ing pay for ginning cotton, and no suggestion which we could 
would apply to all lo circumstances. 

Some i cotton, winch is sometimes 

weighed out of the wagon and sometimes weighed out of the bin. 
This method involves considerable expense as well as delay and 
annoyance, both to the ginner and farmer. Others gin for a 
tain price per hundred pounds of lint. Others gin for the seed, 
or a part of the seed, and some furnish bagging and ties. I hit 
the best way of all is to buy the cotton in the seed. We admit 
that I nge cannot be brought about at once, but it is fast 

gaining in popularity. The ginner is ready and willing to accept 
this method at once, but the drawback is to make it popular with 
farmers. This is easily done when you show him and prove it to 
him that you can give him as much for bis seed cotton as he can 
get for it after waiting to have it ginned. It is as annoying and 
expensive to the farmer to have to wait for his cotton to be tolled 
and ginned, as it is to the ginner. Time is money to the farmer 
at this season of the year, and time spent in waiting for his cotton 
to be ginned should be m titably spent ingathering and 

saving his crop. Another seeming hindrance to the speedy adop- 
ethod is that a large per cent, of the cotton 

crop is mortgaged to the merchant for supplies. But this is no 
real obstacle, as it arly pro> ixperience of those 



Handling d Press] l Jo 



iciu, that this method is just as advantageous to the 
merchant, as he only has to enter into the market to buy the seed 
cotton and send if to the ginner to be ginned. So you sec, it is 
money saved to the farmer, ginner and merchant. Some of our 
customers with only a limited capital, have adopted this method 
and find it no trouble to prove these facts to the tanner and 
merchant, and have created such preference for it. among all con- 
cerned [Ktrties that it would be difficult to return to the old way. 
They buy the ^i:<\ cotton and check on the merchant or hank 
with whom arrangements have been made for the money, and 
send the haled cotton into market the next day, receive the high- 
est market price for it, and turn proceeds over to the merchant 
or hank. 

It is a rare occurrence now to see one going to mill with a turn 
of wheat and camping out at the mill until it is ground,- as was 
the custom only a few years ago. Yet, this method of buying 
aw material is even much better adapted to the handling of 
rot ton than to the handling of wheat, as you may pick your 
chances and go to the mill on a rainy day, or dull times, hut you 
are compelled to pick the fairest day in your bus ^n to 

take your cotton to the gin. We have always predicted this 
revolution in ginning cotton, and although the change cannot he 
completed in a day, yet it has already gone so far that any think- 
ing mind can readily see that it is now a matter of a short time. 
And although our system is adapted to any method or capacity, 
both small and large, where it is desired to handle cotton cheaply 
and profitably, yet ours is the only system by which it can be 
handled to advantage on a large scale. With this end in view we 
have clung to it from the small beginning when we had to battle 
with existing customs, until now when everything seems to point 
to the fact that we were working in the right direction. 

HANDLING SEEP 

In all our complete outfits we use the exhaust air from our ele- 
to blow the seed to any desired point. We have recom- 
mended this plan in connection with our elevators for years, but 
not until the last year have they been used to any extent. 
Our patent vacuum feeder (the same that we use in feeding the 
ii out of the vacuum box when distributer is not used) is 



24 

placed under the seed delivery, and the exhausl 

i pipe connected to the lower sideof vacuum feeder, by which 
the seeds arc fed into the exhaust pipe and blown to any desired 
point, cither into the bin, wagon, c d house. We are de 

livering the seed over a hundred feet in many instances, but the 
same rule applies to handling seed as to cotton, which is, the far- 
ther off you deliver them the more power required, By placing 
our double elbows, with valves in the pipes, the direction of the 
seed is changed in an instant, delivering them in one instance 
into a car, and in another into the seed house, wagon or any 
other receptacle at will. Where our suction elevator is in use 
is no system of handling so unheal, simple, or 

satisfactoi I to han- 

dle both seed and seed cotton at the same time, with the same fan i 
and same air, is only a fraction greater, unless the seeds are to lie 
delivered a greater distance than the seed cotton is brought from. 
Suppose, for instance, that you draw your seed cotton 7.~> feet, you 
could blow your seed for the same distance with only a small ad- 
ditional power. In handling seed in this manner a portion of the 
dust that is separated from the seed cotton is mixed back in with 
the xv^l^ but not enough I it objectionable, or, if desired, 

ns may be placed in the pipes in such a manner as to sepa- 
rate most of the sand and dirt from the seed, though oil mills 
have cleaners for that purpose. In any case, however, there is 
less dust in the seed handled this way than when our elevator is not 
used, as a great deal of dust and foreign substances are separated 
in the different operations that i I back into the seed. 

We have many of these outfits in operation, giving the best of 
satisfaction. With a line of two or more gins, we use screw or 
belt conveyor to deliver the seed from the gins into the vacuum 
feede ise our regular distributer, with rubber vacuum 

'■ wings. Our drawings show diffi angements of seed 

blowers; but one special good feature system is that you 

can bend your pi] asy curves) and carry your seed in any 

direction, angle or curve, without the trouble usually experii 
with any or all other methods. 

Owing to the fact that your seed will be of a better quality, and 
also that you handle them in larger quantities, you should de- 
mand the highest price paid for seed, li tig your seed 
cotton you th< h If the seed cotton is wet, if 



is stored until in a proper state to run through our suction 
elevator and dryer, and by always drying them and keeping 
them so, there is no danger of their heating or rotting, with se 
rious loss to the * » i 1 mills and ginner, as .is frequently the 
handled 

Our suction ap] rocks and nails and other 

hard substances that often injure the machinery of the oil mill; 
notwithstanding they have machines for separating them they 
handle the seed so rapidly, in such large quantities, thai it is im- 
possible to always make a complete separation. 

By this system you can handle the seed much cheaper than 
otherwise, as you blow them an the gin to the railroad 

ear, or to the seed storage house located clo lilroad track, 

from which they are handL or you may blow them 

back into the farmer's wagon. 

SAV1X0 AM) I TIL1Z1NG MOTES 

It has always been, and is to this day, the custom either to 
throw away the r to throw them in with the lint. 

These motes are the small immature seeds which pull through 
the ribs of the gins, and are covered with short immature linl 
great deal of the sand and dirt which is brushed down from the 
lint by the gin brush is also mixed in with these motes, so that, 
as they drop from the gin, they are not very inviting to attempt to 
derive profit from. 

In using our elevator and cleaner there are not so many motes 
left in the cotton, and they are of a better grade than ordi- 
narily. 

I io wever, let them be ever so bad or dirty, we clean and re-gin 
them, and make from them a grade of lint that sells for a fair 
price, to be used for paper stock, and many other purposes for 
which a low grade of lint is used. If you buy the seed cotton 
from the farmer at a better price than he can get for it after hav- 
ing it ginned on the old style gins, it will make no difference 
with him what is done with his cotton or how it is handled after 
he has sold it. Hence you will take the motes as they drop from 
the gin, and convey them direct to our mote cleaner, which puts 
them in a proper condition preparatory to being re-ginned at some 
convenient time in the future, So, instead of either throwing all 
ood lint, you should take as much motes out 



The MiMJKit Patent Complete System of 



of the cotton as possible, and clean and regin and sell them to the 
paper mill ; and in this way yon will reap a nice profitfrom what 
you have previously wasted, besides gain a reputation for good, 
smooth sample of lint. 

ENGINE AND BOILER 

It is good judgment to put in boiler and engine large enough 

for an increase in your business. If you put up a good ginnery 

to do public work, and do the best work at reasonable figures, and 

do it promptly, your custom will certainly increase. This is the 

experience of our customers. And it is much cheaper to put in 

sufficient power to meet your future demands than to have to 

remove it after you find it insufficient and replace it with another. 

difficult to dispose of second-hand machinery of any kind 

les, there is no economy in working, either a boiler or engine, 

up to its estimated capacity. 

The po to run' our complete outfit depends to a 

great extent upon circumstances, such as the manner in which it 
is handled, the amount of cotton ginned on a given size outfit, the 
distance the cotton is carried by suction and amount of cleaning, 
and soon. The more the cotton is crowded through the gins, the 
more power required to drive them, and the greater the distance 
the cotton is drawn, or the seed driven by the air, the greater the 
power required to do that work, and so on. But on an average, 
say for a bale aws in ten hours, which is the proper speed 

for good work, the power required is about one and a-qua 
horse-power to each ten saws, or for each bale per day, which is 
seventeen and one-half horse-power for two 70-saws, twenty-six 
horse-power for three 70-saws, and thirty-five horse-power for 
four 70-saws. The usual sizes put in are twelve to fifteen horse- 
power for one stand, twenty for two, twenty-five for three, and 
thirty horse- power for four gins, though about rive horse-power 
larger is better, as it allows you a margin of power, and will give 
you more economy and satisfaction in the long run. The boiler 
is usually placed about fifty feet distant from the gin building to 
avoid as much as possible any danger from sparks, either from 
the furnace or smoke-stack. Large boilers with ordinary long 
stacks may be placed inside a part of the gin building with very 
little more danger from fire if properly attended. If placed sepa- 
team pipes must be boxed in and covered with some 



27 

non-conducting material, ordinary motes or sawdust in an air 
tight box answering that purpose very well. The engine should 
be attached to the main shaft, and in our ordinary outfits may be 
located under the gin stands in the gin building. 15y so doing' 
power and room is economized, and a better control of the ma- 
chinery afforded the ginner. A cord should be attached to the 
lever of the governor, so it may be started or stopped at will by 
the ginner, without leaving fche gins or going down stai 

Sometimes both engine and boiler are located side by side, at a 
distance of about fifty to one hundred feet, and engine connected 
to line shaft and extended to gin house, which does very well. 
Sometimes they are both placed in connection with the gin build- 
ing. With our system this plan, though not as safe as when 
ated, is much safer than the old style, where the seed cotton 
is stored in and the lint cotton scattered all over the gin building. 

Our 8 and 10 gin outfits are operated by automatic engines, and 
connected to shaft by belt instead of direct connections. 

For these sizes special instruction will he given. We have them 
from the small, plain slide valve ten horse-power to the magnificent 
one hundred and fifty horse-power automatic, with all modern 
appliances for heating and purifying feed wan 

SIZES OF GINS 

Many years ago small gins, from 40 to 50 saws, were mostly 

used, as they were run by horse power, for winch that size gin 

After the small steam engine was introduced 

i I and s< i saws, at once 

came into demand. Hut a use of the large sizes, 

being run by steam power and often at a break-neck speed, the 

saw and brush shafts began to wear out of round, consequently 

out of balance, springing and rattling, thereby giving much 

trouble and annoyance and necessitating frequent repairs, until 

gradually many practical ginners abandoned the long gins and re- 

•d them with smaller and shorter sizes. But when our gin 

and system came into market ed still another revolution, 

as it were, and re-instated the 70-saw as the popular size. The 

bearings on our gins are on the inside instead of the outside of 

the driving pulleys, making the distance between them less, and 

consequently the shafts less liable to spring or rattle, or get out 

rder. And being only two, instead of three, the journals are 



'2S The Mi '•■■ i ok 

not so liable t* it of line. However, if you are partial to 

three bearings we will put the outside one on. We consider the 
outside bearing on the saw shaft not only unn but posi- 

tively detrimental to any gin, yet with nearly all other gins, if is 
an absoln -ity, on account of the ordinary means in use for 

adjusting the With other gins the driv- 

ing pulley has a wide face and small diameter, thus makiri 
outside support to the saw shaft indispensable, while with our 
patent system of running i driving pulley with 

and large diameter, making the outside support 
positively Vs an example of similar construction 

of bearings and pulleys in other machines, we refer yon to the 
ordinary wood planing machine or surfacer, which has no outside 
bearing, though the pull< ■ itside 

the bearing, and the speed from Mono to 5000 revolution 
minute, and yet a perfectly smooth motion is required in o 
to do good work; also to the ordinary roller Hour mill, which is 
of late invention and has the driving pulley, (which is about the 
same size of our driving pulley) on the outside and the bearings 
on t; im both. 

The ;id to thi 1 for 

additional length 
of buildii: the three 60-saws 

while there would be a gain of from two to three bales per day 
for the capacity of the ginnery. These are good reasons for using 
70-saw gins. 

PROPER WORK FOR A GIN 

The proper amount of work for the saw gin to do is a 500 
weight bale of lint for each ten saws per day of ten hours. This 
very low estimate at the present rate of ginning/ Very few 
ginners are satisfied unless they can turn out nearly double that 
amount. Our four 70-saw outfit will easily gin twenty-eight 
bales in ten hours at that rate, or a little over thirty bales in 
eleven hours. This would allow an hour between runs when 
running nights. This would be 750 bales per month running 
twenty-live days, or 3,000 bales for four months, and means good 
work and a good profit. 

By referring to a letter from Mr. D. C. Kincaid, of Forney, 
Texas, you will note that he gins 33 hales per day will 



Handlis 29 



our 70-saw gins with five men ; and while our gins may be 
crowded to even greater capacity, yet we wish it understood 
that our greatest aim is to produce a gin that will turn out 
the best grade of cotton with the leant labor and greatest profit 
and satisfaction to our customers. We have ^wn as many as 
fifteen bales ginned on one gin in daylight, but this proportion 
cannot be carried out where a num :ins are used, besides 

the work is always poorly done and a great loss entailed by such 
overloaded raachim 

VARIOUS RESULTS FROM OPERATIONS OF GINS 

Taking the ordinal ample, consisting of the 

saws, brush, ribs and roll-box, it is quite impossibl and 

the same gin, at the same time in all particulars ; 

that is, to make the best sample, best turnout, gin faster and take 

Inasmuch equal on same gin, the 

following rul without nt: 

1. Adding rom sanv i Lain 
linn 

•2. Thi 

liber. 

uder runs, the smaller the ratio of 
i oil. 

lility of 

ill gin faster \vh leaning 

well, than it will when cleaning well. 

Pin' fewer 
ginned, th iple. 

!>. Any good ','■ ,u, if ii is ru itions with a 

roll, will gin sev< en hours, and do it well. The 

same gin, by tighten.ii. I] and in* : . will gin 

but to the detrim 
10. The high speed in the roll longer and 

tier, but to the detriment of the sample, and so on. 

PRESS POWERS 

Our Double-Bos d up and running with either 



30 The Mu.ngkk I'atknt Complete System 



screw, hydraulic or steam cylinder powers, but unless otherwise 
ordered, we always supply the 5 inch screw power. The most 
valuable feature of our press, is that of the double revolving boxes, 
by which a continuous operation is acquired, by ginning a bale 
into one box while the other one is being pressed out. We have 
our Double- Box Presses with screw power doing the pressing with 
perfect ease tor four gin stands, and we guarantee it to do the 
work for six if desired. The screw, when connected and operated 
as we do with our Double Box< way with the necessity of 

such fast speed in running up and down. By having the Double 
Boxes, you avoid any loss of time between bales, the screw being 
tieapest, simplest and strongest power yet introduced, induces 
us to furnish that power in most cases. However, we furnish 
either hydraulic or direct steam cylinder when desired. With 
the screw power, the last bale each day may be run up and tied 
out after steam has run down to a low pressure, while with our 
i cylinders, the full head of steam must be kept up until the 
sd out. We use the steam cylinder to do our tramp- 
ing ij s tramping when the ginning ceases; 
and consequently, no extra head i is required after the 
bined. 
Our theory is, to use a strong and efficient tram per, winch will 
tramp a h t box, and then us-. g and 
reliable screw power, which will make any weight bale from 400 
to 700 pounds, with lessary. 

ADVANTAGES OF OUR DOUBLE BOX 

Supposi ur minutes to run up and four or even two 

to run it down. That would be six to eight minutes to run it upand 

down. Now, with the Single Box, you have to put the lint into 

•ox by hand (which by the way is even mon --able 

than tramping it in the box.) Then after you have the bale in 

>ox, you run the screw up, tie out the bale, throw it out, put 

on the bagging and run the screw down again; during all this 

tn has been accumulating on the floor. Then 

you must commence and put all this bale of lint into the box by 

hand again, taking up a great deal of valuable time, and perhaps 

ms will have finished th< 'aught up, 

causing perhaps some dela \ ith the gins. 

But upon the other hand, with our Double-Box, instead of wait- 



Ha.m.m , sing, Ginning inb I 



31 



ing for all this work and delaj n as the screw is down, al 

you have to do is to revolve the Press B..xcs and start it right up 
again, losing not a moment's delay in putting the lint into the box, 
giving you ample time, even if it takes your screw five minutes 
to run up and five minutes to run down, which would give you five 
minutes to simply put on the ties, and this is ample time even 
with a slow hand. That would make four bales an hour or 
forty to fifty per day, with a slow screw and a slow hand. With 
:i good screw power and a quick hand it can lie done in ten to 
twelve minutes, or fifty to sixiy bales in ten hours. The same 
figuring applies to hydraulic power or steam cylinder. The Double- 
Box doubles the capacity and lessens the labor, fire risk, and room 
required with any kind of power. 

TRAMPISti COTTON IN THE PRESS 

Every one knows that of all the work about the gin thei 
none so disagreeable, laborious and unhealthy as handling and 
tramping the lint. All we have to say is that our Packer will do 
it practically and successfully. 

After several years of labor and careful experimenting we have 
a perfect Cotton Pa Lapted to eith< tally to our Double- 

Box ; words to mention the 

ir many advantages gained by the use of such a machine, 
■ who has had any experience with ginning cotton 

knows that well. 

(hie benefit derived from using the Packer, even on the small 
outfits, is that in the beginning and i '" the 

work, both ginning and pressing can be done by one man, doing 
away with the usual necessity of hunting all over the country for 
pack out a few bales of cotton, or keeping a lot of hands 
employed w not enough ginning to. justify it. 



32 The Hunger Patent Complete System of 



QOJT OP BUILDINQ AND OPERflTlNQ 



0TJR COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR PUBLIC GINNERIES— 
We will explain the plan upon which you can locate, con- 
struct and operate our ginneries. 

LOCATION 

Adopt your location most suitable, after a thorough investiga- 
irroundings and circumstances. The principal 
poin ire: 

ED. 

This applies to the present crop, and also to the future p 
pects. There are some locations in which the amount raised is 
while in others the amount is yearly decreas- 
ing, (although hy the pro] lie natural fertilizers which 
the cotton crop itself yield riched and brought 
to its original fertility). 

Tin' numbei of the ginning establishments 

for properly and 
economically handling and taking liould be eon 

sidn 

RAIL 

Pri ents should be made with railroads before 

yon locate on their lines at all. 

>ur plant on a sidetrack ot 

ind haled 
mii the i 
and relo d and the hales in 

v handlii 

At "iits 



Handling, ( i i and Pressing. 33 



should be made with the company for economically compressing 

and handling' your bales. 

COST 

The amount, invested in your plant should depend entirely on 
the circumstances of the case, such as the amount of cotton raised 
in the section of country contiguous, the prospective amount to be 
raised in the future, the number, capacity and quality of gins in 
the vicinity, etc. 

A FOUR SEVENTY-SAW OUTFIT. 

Lot, building and fence, scales, engine and boiler, shafting and 
pulleys, belting, four 70-saw gins, feeders, condenser, tines, self- 
packing double-box press, suction elevator, cleaner and distributer, 
will cost about $6,000. Capacity, 30 bales in 11 hours; 750 bales 
in 25 days. Of course these figures limit the lot and buildings to 
cheap location and material. 

THE MACHINERY 

An outfit of our machinery costing $4,000, which includes en- 
gine, boiler and all shafting and belting, will gin 3,000 bales of 
cotton during the ginning season. The lots and buildings would 
be added to that, and the price of them would vary with different 

localities. But on an average $6,000 will complete an outfit that 
will easily gin 3,000 bales of cotton during the ginning season of 
say four months, without crowding the machinery, doing good 
work and improving the sample instead of injuring if. 

THE lU'lLDlNGS 

May be framed and covered with crimped or corrugated sheet 
iron, the dimensions, construction and relative location of same 
being governed by circumstances, such as capacity of machinery, 
amount of cotton stored and size and shape of lot. We have 
some gin houses of brick, but the iron is generally used, being 
much cheaper and about as safe with our system. But don't 
forget to look out for comfort, as far as practicable, and locate 
your gin building with gins fronting south, if possible ; or, if not, 
east or west comes next. The beginning of the ginning season is 
usually very hot and the close very cold weather. By locating 
the gin building as above you get the benefit of the south breeze 



34 The Hunger Patent < 1 of 



in the hot weather and may be shut off from the north winds in 
the winter. All these little comforts may not amount to much 
to you, you may say, as you may not intend to be in the gin house 
much, but everything that tends to make the ginnery more 
pleasant and agreeable will enable the workmen either to do more 
work or to work for less money. Have as much ventilation from 
the south as possible and as little from the north. Manage to 
have the press on east or west end, to suit your convenience, but 
be sun; not to have, the door through which the bale is rolled, on 
the north side, else the brisk north winds will scatter the lint 
cotton as it falls from the condenser into the pr< 

EXPENSE OF OPERATING 



This, of course, depends also to a great extent upon circum 
stances. 

The larger the plant tin it can be run in proportion to 

the amount of work it will do. 

One man is required to run i tand. The same man can 

run five on our system. 

ft usually takes a man to do the weighing for a single gin and 
.me man can very easily do the same work for live. 

It takes one man to tie out the Wales for one gin, and the same 
can tie out the bales for five gins. 

It takes one man to fire a boiler for one gin, and the same man 
can lire a boiler for live gins, and so on. 

The amount of skilled labor required to operate our system is 
less in proportion to capacity I ban the old si 

This is easily proven. But why is tins so? We answer, for 
the same reason that it takes a less number of skilled workmen to 
operate a flour mill, for instance, that is fully equipped with a full 
set of improved machinery for elevating, cleaning, distributing, 
grinding and packing the wheat and Hour, than would be required 
to do the same work with rude or old style devices, or with no 
device at all, as is the case in most cot-ton ginneries. 

Just so, when our system is properly constructed and placed in 
the gin house and belted up, it is easier to look after it than to 
do all this work with rude and imperfect devices, or with no 
devices at all and have to handle it by hand. 

The fact is, we find it generally safer to secure a trustworthy 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressing. 35 



practical common-sense man who has had some experience with 
any ordinary machinery, than one who has had much experience 
with old style outfits. For it is sometimes possible and even 
probable that you would secure one so old-fogyish and "wedded" 
to the "old style" that it is more difficult to train him into the 
new from the old, than to teach the new man from the beginning. 
There is usually required to operate 

»UB SEVENTY-SAW OUTFIT, 

One book keeper, weigher and buyer combined. 

One ginner. 

Two pressmen. 

One fireman and engineer combined. 

One roustabout, feeder, • 

Total, six men. 

SOME POINTS FOR PROFIT 

It is not expected to convince any one of the merits of our sys- 
tem by argument alone; for it is expected that each and every one 
who will be induced to read tins with a view of investing- will 
make a thorough investigation from an outside and unbiased 
standpoint. 

Vet it is the intention to point out some of these advantages, and 
Mien you may investigate in detail. Suffice it to say thai the suc- 
cess we have met in disposing of our machinery, and the universal 
satisfaction that it is giving to those who have bought it and are 
using it in the place of other machinery, which they have thrown 
out and abandoned for the purpose <>t" adopting ours, should, in 
itself, be very strong evidence of its merits. 

PRICE OF VOIR LINT ADVANCED 

Your plant should be built with a special view to making the 
best possible grade of lint and obtaining therefor the highest 
possible price. To that end, the seed cotton should be properly 
graded, placing the mixed, with a great quantity of foreign sub- 
stance, to itself and that which is dump or wet to itself, allowing 
it a sufficient time to arrive at the right condition to go through 
our cleaning and drying machine. There is no one thing more 
sadly neglected than this matter. There is as much good cotton 
ruined by ginning it wet as in any other way. 

The cotton mixed with dirt and leaf hash to am stent 



86 The Mungkii Pate em ov 



may be separated from the better grades. However, after running 
through our Cleaner, the cotton will be improved from one to three 
grades. Yet it is best to separate the different grades before g< >ing 
through the machine to get the best results. 

THE GIN SAWS should be given a regular speed, and not suf- 
ficently fast to break, tear or cut the fibers. Sand is a cause 
of cut lint also. By cleaning the sand out we avoid this entirely. 

The density of the roll has also a great deal to do with the 
injuring of the fibers. 

If the cotton is crowded into tin box until it it is com 

pact or hard, the eal< and cut the 

lint to an alarming extent. 

The shapt of our gin sav 'o made with a view to smooth 

sample. The pitch that the tooth passes through ribs, has much 
to do with sample and lias our special attention. 

(There has been for some years considerable opposition to the 
SAW (JIN. The trouble is not and never has been with the saw 
gins, but with the way they are run.) 

instead of holding the seed in the roll box until they are fairly 
"skinned," the proper way is to turn th ft soon as the 

lint is taken from them. 

In order to make a good turn out I are usually retained 

in the roll box and rolled round and round until the line short 
lint is peeled from it. This process has also the bad effect of 
picking off particles of the seed and throwing them into the lint. 
This is even yet customary, to an alarmin, it, all over the 

cotton ginning South. 

This is all done for the purpose of getting quantity to the det- 
riment of the quality. This should be changed. 

Mow can it be done? By handling the staple as it should be 
handled, and then claim the proper difference in the price of the 
lint. 

By all this improper handling of cotton a few more pounds of 
short lint is obtained, while it deteriorates the quality of the staple 
many times the value of the amount gained. 

The weight of the short staple, added to the specks cut from 
the seed, even supposing it to amount to 20 pounds, at nine cents, 
only brings &1.N0, while the; injury to the good staple by being 
thus dragged in with this worthless short staple and cut lint is 
much greater than that gained in weight. 



and Pkkssj 37 



'I'll; plain to the spinner. He experiences the evil effect 

of mixing this short lint in with tin; good. It is troublesome and 
expensive to him, but lie is entirely unable to remedy it, (unless 
he will make a proper difference between staple handled as it 
should be and that butchered as it is generally done). 

Your object should be to show the superiority of your staple, 
and thereby create a demand for it at a fair price. 

The spinners are now ready to make this difference. By read 
inn- the a i this little pamphlet, you can see that our re 

marks eoincid with the leading spinners of the day. And 

when the fact is thoroughly established with the spinners that 
you not only aim at an elimination of the dust, sand, leaf trash 
and y movement to preserve the 

■a ill command a ready sale 

for 

Added I "ii should wrap tin; hale in such 

a, manner as to protect it, from the weather, and at the same time 
to prevent any wa 

Furthermore, you should have each bale marked and numbered 
in such a, manner that tie not be detached. 

This tag should ur name, flu; number of the bale and 

date ginned. In this manner yon will establish a trade mark, as 
it were, so that any one will know from whence it came, and you 
can safely gi any bale with your brand on it to be true 

throughout, a ented on tin; outside. 

Again, in our system the lint is not handled at all or swept 
over the floor, or trampled under the feet of the operator, as is 
customary with all others, which is also injurious to the delicate 
libers. 

Furthermore, you will have no remnants of lint piled up in the 
corners of the press room to gather dirt, as is so often done in 
the ordinary ginning establishment, and which is another cause of 
some of the mixed packed bales. 

All of these little precautions amount to a great deal in the 
profits of the business. 



38 The MunGek Patent I m of 



From Authorities sn Cotton. 



We refer you to a few articles from the following authorities : 

1. Manufacturer's Review, is*7. 

2. Textile Manufacturing World. 

3. Manufacturer's Gazette. 

4. Industrial Reporter, April, IS* 

5. Manufacturer's Reviewand Industrial Record, June, 1888. 

6. Industrial Review. 

7. Textile Record. 
Manufa Record. 

V. Hon. Edward Atkinson, 
10. New York Cotton Exchai 

These articles are mostly front cotton spinners and carders, who 
handle the cotton after it is put into the hale and taken to the 
cotton mill. Sonic of them have been written very recently, and 
others several years since, hut they all point to the same conclu- 
sion. We have culled these from a host of others, which we have 
in our possession, from various authorities over the United States, 
to whom we could refer you, hut they would only reiterate tin; 
general verdict of those which we have produced. We have been 
watching these demands from the cotton mills for a number of 
years, and have been constantly striving to attain, and think we 
have now reached, that perfection in our ginning system sufficient 
to supply this long-felt want. 

We have continually noted the various defects in the methods 
of handling seed cotton in the South, as pointed out in these arti- 
cles, and have been as constantly pursuing steps to overcome 
them and offer a perfect system in their place. Our labors have 
been in the field, in the gin, and in the cotton mill. We have lis- 
tened to the farmer's story, to the ginner's statement, and to the 
spinner's complaint. We have heard the farmer say : "Don't clean 
my cotton, I get as much for the dirt as I do for the cotton ; all I 
want is 'turn out,' gin the seed clean, whether the sample is good 
or not, " and so on ; have seen the ginner pull the mote board 
front until all of these impurities were carried on with the lint. 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning ind Pressi 39 



it? That of no one person. II was the fault of 
neither the farmer, ginner, cotton buyer or spinner, but of all of 
them combined. The spinner complained, but still did not make 
the proper difference between good and bad cotton. The ginner 
and farmer took no pains to urge the proper difference. The 
spinner called for cotton cleaners and better gins. They were 
tried, hut soon abandoned, as the extra amount of expense and 
labor necessary to do this work by old methods were not repaid 
by a proper difference in price. All this time we were constantly 
perfecting a system to do this work with very small extra first 
cost, but with even less labor than that attached to prior methods. 
Now the spinners demand better methods of handling- and ginning 
cotton ; they are willing to pay the proper difference, and now we 
stand ready with a complete and perfect system to supply the de- 
mand, one that has been tested for ears with a constantly 
increasing demand and popularity, doubling its sales each year, 
and proven to be the very thing to till the bill. We have been 
constantly watching and studying the wants and perfecting a. 
system to supply it. Now we offer it with renewed confidence, 
realizing that our labors have not been in vain. We offer it as 
"the boon to the farmer, the health and profit to the ginner and 
the satisfaction to the spinner. 

We have stood alone in the fight from the beginning, no one 
having or offering anything to compete with our complete system. 
When we ventured to build the first outfit in 1883, complete in 
principle though rude in construction, the cry was against us, so 
far as cli srving the cotton was concerned. All 

applauded the great saving of labor and other meritorious feat- 
ures, hut condemned the fact that it cleaned and improved the 
cotton. But this objection lias been overcome. The cotton from 
our system is recognized the world over. The cotton buyer, 
cotton yard master, public weigher and the compress men all 
recognize it by the touch. 

These are facts which can be proven by those who handle the 
cotton prepared by our complete system, as well as by those who 
use it. 



40 The Munger Patent * u of 



COTTON. 

[From Manufacturer's Review.] 

To insure greater strength in cotton yarn, we need, and must 
have, less broken liber, and more uniformity of length and 
diameter of liber, and freedom from all impurities and foreign 
substances of every kind, including excess of water, which causes 
mildew and rot. 

During a long series of investigations of the causes of imper- 
ils in cotton filters and the unevenness of slivers in mill 
processes, and the various causes of imperfect yarn, I have re- 
ferred to many causes of bad yarn and made some suggestions for 
remedies, but of all the various imperfections I have referred to 
and the necessity of improvement in methods and machinery, 
there is nothing now in the present advanced state of cotton 
machinery of more importance for the perfecting of yarn than the 
more perfect condition of raw cotton. In a recent article I re- 
ferred to the examination of individual threads, by taking out the 
twist from many sections and carefully examining the little 
slivers to find the causes of imperfections. The glass revealed so 
many cut and mutilated fibers, together with neps made from 
looped and torn fibers, which had their origin in the bad condition 
of the seed cotton before it entered the saw-gin, that I determined 
to make an effort to investigate and in a faithful manner present 
tins very important subject to the attention of cotton raisers and 
parties interested in the manipulation of this valuable staple, for 
the manufacture of fabrics for the millions of people in our own 
and other countries. 

While we acknowledge many of these imperfections are due to 
the mills, the great and very important fact remains, the necessity 
of greater care in cotton culture : In picking, none but matured 
bolls should be taken ; in the care and protection of the seed cotton ; 
in the inspection and assorting of the various grades of length 
and diameter of fiber which is presented to us with force at every 
minute examination of some grades of raw cotton, and more es- 
pecially in such examinations of yarn as are referred to above; in 
recent examinations of yarn in which I have found frequent tine 
and coarse places, the coarse bunches or places were made up 
largely of short lint and n/otes, precisely the same as we find in im- 
perfectly ginned cotton. 

In addition to the examination of the slivers with the twist 



Handling, Cleaning, <Jinni\<; and Pressing 41 

taken out, the single thread tester was used on short, lengths, 
selecting the class of fine places examined by the glass, and they 
broke at from three to six ounces. At, tive ounces to the single 
thread, it is equal to 25 lbs. to the single lea of 80 threads, when 
it should break at 57 or 58 lbs. for No. 28 yarn to insure success 
in the weaving. With a good, well-matured, well-ginned New 
Orleans "bender," we frequently find an average of 12 to 13 
ounces. At 12 ounces we have 60 pound strength to the lea, or 
::.!, per cent above a very high American standard for good yarn. 
The above yarn from imperfectly ginned cotton broke at 57 
per rent below the same standard. This will be called an ex 
tremely low grade of yarn. It is, but if the reader will examine 
many samples of the lower grades of cotton, from ordinary to low 
middlings, he will find much filter in the condition described by a 
faithful committee appointed a few years ago by the Louisville 
Cotton Exchange to examine and report upon the ginning of 
cotton. The committee found the best results with 10-inch saws 
at 300 revolutions per minute, but with an increase of 150 revolu- 
tions, the lint and chopped material was largely increased. 

At the highest speed the cotton was pronounced to be of little 
market value. In the lower grades of cotton much worthless 
fiber and lint is found, and when there is but a small proportion 
of such cotton in a mixture, the result is what I have found and 
presented above in proportion to quality of the mixture. It is a 
difficult operation to take the fiber from the seed in perfect con 
dition, and this fact increases the force of the argument in favor 
of the greatest pos re of the seed cotton after it is picked 

preparatory to ginning. If to the short cut filter and lint there is 
added much fiber that is immature, then we have the foundation 
of short, weak, fine places in the threads, and a slipping condition 
that will not draw well, and the color will not be uniform in the 
prints, as in any class of goods dyed. 

For the year ending September 1, 1886, the cotton crop of the 
United State- 215 bales of 440 lbs. per bale, and 

the value of cotton products manufactured as being nearly 
$211,000,000 for 1880. If we take the value of raw cotton ex- 
ported in 1886 alone— $205,000,000— it would seem that that of 
itself would be sufficient to stimulate cotton raisers to improve 
its condition, if possible. 

To insure greater strength in cotton yarn, we need, and must 



The Munuek Patent Comi m of 



igth and diait 
of fiber, strength, uniformity, maturity, and freedom from all im- 
purities and fo kind, including excess oj 

which causes mildew and rot. Bad weather at the time oi' 
picking and unfavorable casualties during sonic seasons arc a se- 
t-ions obstacle to good crops. From these causes all must suffer 
who arc interested in the raising or consuming of the product. 
Good quality of New Orleans fibers are estimated to average a 
little more than one inch long, and to be ,.,',,,, of an inch in 
diameter. By careful counting and weighings, I found about 
100,000,000 fibers in a pound of fine, well-matured Texas cotton. 
[ filaments to tin with the 

diameter and length of the staple. 

The most beautiful cotton cultivated is the Sea Island. Good 
Egyptian stands next in the catalogue of classification. Sea Island 

soft, silky feeling when well matured. In good specimens 
its natural convolutions are quite uniform and its requisite mois- 
ture, oil and cotton wax are said to be quite uniformly supplied, 
winch gives it a peculiar soft, silky feeling. A recent write] 

the number of varieties to eight, and is of the opinion that 

can be reduced to four, viz.: Gossypium herbaceum, • 
sypium arborium, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barba- 
Gossypium hirsutum is represented as a branching plant 
growing from rive to si ugh. Mr. Richard Marsden, in his 

excellent work entitled "Cotton Spinning," describes tins variety 
as follows : " The young pods arc hairy, the seeds are numerous, 
red with green down under the long white wool. 
It is probable that this is the original of the green seeded cotton, 
now so t ly cultivated in the Southern States of the 

American Union, and which forms the bulk of the supply from 
that source." In this variety of cotton the green down not only 
adheres to the seed, but the longer hairs or fibers adhere quite 
closely, and this is one of the causes of much mutilated and gin- 
cut fiber. 

THE TICKING SEASON. 

It must be borne in mind that much injury is done to the crop 

by sudden violent wind and rain storms, which are often severe in 

hot climates. In such cases the planters cannot be regarded as 

•nsible for that which they can not prevent, by the utmost 

care. The planter suffers loss to some extent in such cases by de- 



Handling ,,N(; ,:i 

preciation of the market value of his nop. If the seed cotton us 
Left exposed to the rains and in a dry season to clouds of dust, 
and some of it is trampled in the earth, the saws of the gin can- 
not be kept in good working order long- because of marl and sand, 
damp, the liber will be "hooked," Lacerated and broken, 
and much loose, short staple rolled intoneps. 

I have tins day examined a new card, combinh il impor- 

tant improvements, which was working well yesterday with a 
good quality of cotton, but to-day with a lot of gin-cut col 

livers are full of imperfections. The comparatio* 
nualil tne twoextrem. 

condil and tin h to ,h( 

v-oin. There are 

th ( 3 of booked and imperfectly ginned cotton, but the 

found in the result oi 

i the tin the g» n - 

For the pui ' " nt,y ils 

upon the qn l ,rn 

cured fresh specimens of badly looped and snarled cotton, and 

is; then, by I 
» short, gin-cut from th udfindne: 

„d worthless fiber. In 
short from the long we doubtless lost some that would be tat 
ou| . This loss would amount to th 

rid on cotton costing twelve cents per pound. In ad- 
dition to the above the heavy motes and lint would amount to 
about one cent per pound more. The sample of gin-cut cotton 
before me is badly looped by hanging to the saw-teeth, and is pol- 
ished and the twist straightened from the libers by the friction 
against the sides of the gin outlet. These small loops are found 
in the cards. If the card cylinders are large and their periphery 
surface runs at high speed, the libers of these loops are sure to get 
broken up and help weaken the yarn. The minute size of the 
cotton fiber would seem to be sufficient to warn us not to permit 
so much severity in manipulations as it is subjected to in the 
various mechanical operations. Dr. F. H. Bowman, in his very 
thorough and valuable work, "The Structure of Cotton Fiber, 
page 23, says : "We may have some idea of the tenuity of the 
cotton fibers when we remember that 14,000 to 20,000 individual 
filaments of American cotton only weigh one gram, so that there 



44 The Mungek Patent Completi vi of 



are about 140,000,000 to every pound, and each hair only weighs 
on the average about the t^ 1 ,,,,, part of a grain, and if the sepa- 
rate libers were placed end to end in a straight line, one pound 
would reach 2,200 miles." 

The above number of millions of filters to the pound is larger 
than is mentioned in another place, hut this result will vary much 
with the length and diameter of the fibers. But we have enough 
to show us the delicacy of the little staple, to warn us and 
managers of cotton gins to be careful in the manipulations to 
leave their product in a more valuable condition for the markets 
of the world. 

Since the annual mill accounts are made up with from \'2 to 2)5 
per cent waste, leaving us with low grades of yarn not equal to 
21 per cent of the strength of the libers, we have good reasons for 
presenting this subject to the friends of progress and imp] 
ments in the cotton business. Aoawam. 



IRREGULAR YARN, ITS CAUSE, AND HOW MUCH OF 

IT MAY BE AVOIDED. 

[From the Textile manufacturing World.] 

It is amusing, to say the least, to read many of the reasons that 
rtven by some of our mill men, in our textile papers, for 
irregular or uneven work. Most of them have their eyes on any 
of the departments aside from the one in winch they are employed. 
The majority of them point to the picker room mid card room, 
the overseers of these departments come in for most all the blame, 
hut one wonders how it happens, that picker men, or carders, 
should be so remiss in their business, in these enlightened days 
on cotton manufacturing, as to be the cause of so much general 
trouble m our mills, especially when we have had all the evils 
connected with picking and carding cotton so elaborately set forth 
in books, and in all the journals of the day, wherein these heads 
of departments may exchange their opinions, and give each other 
all helps necessary for the best management of these two parts of 
cotton manufacture. 

I wish to take an independent position from my own practical 
experience, and will consider not only one of the places, but all. 
We will commence at the first and trace through until we get at 



Handling, Cleaning, and Pressing. 15 



that part which hits our corn, no matter which department we 
may he employed in. And now, long before wc get tit the mill, 
away off 

IN TIIK COTTON FIELD, 

frequently the fault is found, through circumstances over which 
no man can have control, for the cotton crop is subject to the 
various changes of weather in the places where it is grown ; that 
is, if the weather is not favorable, the cotton cannot mature as it 
should, and the fibers are weak, have not attained that corkscrew 
form which makes it capable of intertwining and uniting in a firm, 
clastic thread, as it would if well matured ; and though the class 
of cotton may be of a good stock of seed, like all other of the; 
vegetable or plant kingdom, if not properly matured, cannot be of 
the same market, value. Then there is the picking of the cotton. 
When the bolls of cotton of different stages of ripeness are too 
wide apart and mixed together, we cannot expect them to make 
as good and even work as if there was more care in the selection. 
Sometimes on small farms, they are so anxious to get their pro 
ducts into money, 

'I'll K PICKING Plt< M 

is neglected and in sampling such hales if is quite possible to take 
out a handful of nicely picked, when the whole of the hale may 

rribly mixed, hence irregular yarn. Then (hen; is th< 
ning process. We know this part of tin 1 , cotton business is not 
carried on by a very high paid class of help, and by inattention 
and inability to manage the machine properly, the tihers are badly 
(•ut by the saws; tins, no picker or carder, with the very hest men 
in charge, can make into good, even yarn. 
Then there is flu; feeding of 

DAM I' COTTON 

to the opener, this is frequently not the fault of the picker over- 
seer, for he cannot always have his way, but has to make the best 
of the advantages the mill affords, which in many places are very 
limited 



46 The Muncer Patent Complete System of 

A NEW INVENTION CALLED FOR. 

[From the Manufacturer's Gazette.] 

The ortunity now presented to inventors with some 

knowledge of the facts such as rarely is open to any man. 

Wanted, a cotton gin; one which does not abuse the cotton ; 
one that is more positive in its feeding' arrangements and with 
greater facility of doing work properly. 

There is an increasing demand to-day for a better grade of cot- 
ton. Inventors who would make a success of this must study the 
cotton question, and in several things must absolutely abandon 
previous practice. The saw, first of all, doubles the staple or fiber 
inbo several sharp turns. Thi ne suddenly with a great 

deal of force, and if the cotton is not perfectly dry, the outside of 
the fiber is torn and its strength is one. What is wanted 

is something which will take the fibers of cotton from the seed, 
leave the fibers as nearly parallel as possible, and without injuring 
them. The man who perfects this machinery will have a far more 

his hands as the tele 
phow ion of th( 

.his kind of a gin without 
going info some kind i ition, or without puttil 

upon the i' it is thoroughly tested, that man will 

not need to do much work the rest of his natural life, unless he at- 
tempts to ape some of the bonanza kings or other fungus growth 
of society. T many questions included in this of 

the cotton gin. The doors are wide open. 

The ginning of cotton to-day, so far as the saw gin goes, is bar- 
harou not worth considering in 

the amount of work the roller gin will do, yet. the demand is for 
!■ cotton. The planters are ready to furnish it. We should 
suppose the spinners might take a little interest in so.ne of these 
things, hut they art; too busy buying cheap cotton. 

Who is the man that tackles the job? 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pb 



RADICAL CHANGES ARE NECESSARY. 

[From the Industrial Reporter, April, 1888] 

Another writer to a Southern paper, signing himself "Carder," 
points out to the Southern cotton-growing and ginning interests 
the urgent necessity for greater care in sending cotton to mills. 
Be estimates the loss in working cotton on picking and carding 
209 bales of 480 pounds to the bale, at 100,820 pounds. The loss 
on this particular invoice of cotton was as follows : 

Pounds. 
Sackinj . 2,050 

Hoop iron . 1,845 

Cotton seed ... . 1,174 

Kan waste 995 

ird strippings 

Oily card 

Floor waste 318 

Batting *71 

Amount. . 10,806 

The total loss amoun 2 pounds per 

bale, or, at nine and pound, rid on 200 

On the fin m crop of 6,500,000 bales, 

the loss i i,()00, a loss which manufacturers have for years 

ineffectually sought to avoid. Ro 

the gathering, ginning "//</' n, and in grading, 
mixing and picking. Competition will very soon force a reform 

in all thei tside. 
7'he ilemaml 



Uneven Yarn The Cause of it Observations from the 
Gin and Compress to the Loom. 

[Manufacturer's Review and Industrial Record, June, V 

It is a well-known fact that good, even cloth cannot be woven 
with poor yarn. What 1 mean by poor yarn is this : a yarn rough 
and full of dirt, uneven in numbers and full of uneven places, 
with the breaking strength not up to standard. The question is 
often asked by spinners and weavers: " What makes the yarn 
so weak, or why is it so uneven in numbers ?" it is the purpose 
of the writer to discuss these points, and in doing so, to end* 



Thk Hunger Patent Complete 



to show why poor yarn is made, and in order to do this it will he 
isary to cover considerable ground. In the first place, it will 
pay us to devote a short space in this paper to the processes of 
ginning and compressing. 

Previous to the civil war the cultivation and preparation of 
cotton for the market, both home and abroad, received systematic 
and careful attention. Then the cultivation and picking was 
looked after closely by the planters and their overseers. Since 
the abolition of slavery a new order of thin ken the place 

of the old system. N< 1 is raised in small lots and gath- 

ered without any regard to grading. Lots of cotton from small 
plantations and farms are gathered and thrown together promis- 
cuously,- and" in this condition the seed cotton is fed to the saw 
gin. The cotton is often damp when ginned, and whenever this 
is tilt; case, the result must necessarily he injurious to the fibers. 
Cotton bolls, in passing through the process of ginning, ought to 
l>c comparatively dry, so that when the ike them the 

seeds may readily be divested of the cotton fiber, the seeds 
dropping down the hopper while i n is carried by .a cur- 

rent of air into the condenser, where it. settles ready for bagging. 
If the seed cotton is ginned damp, the seeds cannot be so easily 
divested of the hairy fibers, and very many of them will not fall 
into the receptacle prepared for them, hut will pass Into the pile 
of cotton. A certain amount of cotton seed, sand, leaf and trash 
will always be found in cotton, although receiving the best treat- 
ment, hut thti amount is enlarged when the cotton is ginned while 
damp. 

Another serious objection is the loose way in which cotton is 
fed to the ginning machines by incompetent help. A gin never 
ought to be forced or run bare. When carrying tot) heavy a load 
the speed will fluctuate, and the cotton, when forced through, will 
be badly cut. Prom this careless method of ginning an irrepara- 
ble loss is sustained in manipulating it through the mill, not only 
in an excessive waste, but in weak and tender yarn as well. 
Cotton gins, when run at a high rate of speed, will cut nep and 
mutilate the fibers while being separated from the seed. 

The natural variation of the fiber, careless packing and fraudu- 
lent mixtures render the task of the cotton buyer exceedingly 
difficult, and one which requires the most experienced circum- 
spection and careful discrimination, if an even quality of yarn is 



Handling, Cleaning, Gins ro 1'kkss 49 



to be produced from it. It is not safe to intrust the mixing to 
ordinary mill operatives, and yet this is too often done. 

One of the worst features about adulterating cotton is that of 
mixing sand with it. For the last few years the brokers have 
looked after this so sharply that the percentage of sand has been 
very materially lessened, still there is enough to seriously affect 
the safety of the staple while in the process of compressing. 
When we take into consideration the fact that a bale of cotton of 
450 lbs. net weight receives a pressure of 5,000,000 lbs., it can be 
very readily seen that cotton fibers must lie compactly. The ob- 
ject of the compressing is to reduce the size of the bales to the 
least possible dimensions, so as to occupy the smallest space in 
railway cars or vessel. Some of the latest improved compresses 
reduce bales which are ordinarily five feet long, four feet thick 
and twenty-eight inches in width to a bale of six or seven inches 
thick. The compressing of the bales is done very quickly. Now 
with this severe pressure brought to bear upon the cotton fibers, 
with more or less sand distributed through them., they must, to a 
certain extent, be cut and torn. Cotton fibers are of too delicate 
a. structure to receive such a strain upon them without injuring 
them to a certain extent. 



Cotton A Valuable Industry Points of Interest Pertaining 
to Gathering, Ginning and Baling. 

From the Industrial Review. 

. The manufacture of cotton fabrics in (lie United States lias 
become one of its leading industries, [t is now estimated that 
upwards of 11,000,000 spindles are being driven either by steam 
or water power. These spindles are producing both cotton and 
woolen yarns. I think it is safe to say that 8,000,000 of these 
are utilized in the manufacture of cotton yarns. The first, pro- 
cesses of handling cot bearing on the quality of 
yarn spun. The pi tton is quite often attended 
with most, injurious effects. In the first place the cotton gin is 
an Ugly machine, and unless properly handled, will cut and bruise 
cotton fibers to such an extent that their value is very much de- 
teriorated, it rely ruined. It must in mind that 
cotton is picked at intervals all the way from July to December. 
Heavy rains often fall over the cotton belts in the South and 



50 The Munuku I lbte Systkm uf 



Southwest. The picking- goes on as soon iff, often- 

times, before the bolls of cotton get dry, so that when they come 
to the gin houses, it is in a damp condition, and yet cotton in this 
condition is run through a set of gin saws, driven at a high rate 
of speed. The immediate result of this is to seriously mutilate 
the fibers when separated from the seed. The greatest care 
should be exercised in picking, so that it may be brought to the 
gin-house dry. If at any time cotton is picked damp, it should be 
thoroughly dried before the bolls are subjected to the severe 
strain brought to bear upon them while passing between the 
teeth of t i.ws. 

Coi ild never be ginned if containing an excessive 

amount of moisture, nor when too dry and Huffy. It is well 
known that a large portion of the cotton crop reaches the gin in 
one or the other of these conditions. As a consequence, such cot- 
ton is badly nipped and cut in ginning. After the cotton is 
picked, but previous to and including the process of ginning, 
much loss is caused by careless and unskilled labor. Tins loss is 
estimated by some experts to average about one per cent, per 
pound on the entire crop. Reckoning the crop of 1887 at 6,500,- 
000 bales, the shrinkage of one per cent, per pound would amount 
to ne 

Sto jsly picki tains quite a per 

ii substances, such as sand, leaf and dirt, and when 
pressure, applied in baling, the grains of 
hi ginning foul and damp cotton, not only is 
the] iorated, but the gin is, by such use, materially 

injured from the great strain brought to bear on it. In many 
of tin.' ginning establishments of the Southern and Southwestern 
States, the system has become forced ; that is to say, in order to 
get through a large quantity, the.niachines have been run at a high 
rate of speed. This, possibly, might do, if not carried loan ex- 
treme, providing, however, the cotton conies to the gin-house 
cleanly picked and well matured. The condition of tl 

the amount of moisture there is in it affe ginning. 

In fact, it will have to be neither too dry or wet in order to pass 
the crucial process of separating the fibers from the seed without 
injury. 

It seems to me, from whal 1 have learned, that, a more thorough 
and systematii tl ought to b< adopted in the preparatio 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressing. o\ 



seed cotton before the process of ginning tales place. As a general 
thing, small ginneries are scattered all through the cotton-growing 
districts of the Southern States. At these places cotton is 
brought in from the plantations and ginned regardless, often- 
times, of its condition. Instead of this, large and well-appointed 
ginneries should be established at convenient and favorable points 
in the cotton-growing districts. These establishments shotdd 
buy the cotton in the seed and sell the product. Let them purchase 
seed cotton on the plan followed by the great flouring-mills in the 
West, which buy wheat and corn, and grind it ready for con- 
sumption. Cotton bought in this way would, after being gath- 
ered, be handled by skilled labor in important processes, as it is in 
the great manufacturing establishment of New England. This 
would be done to an advantage with a handsome profit to those 
iged in the bus rid a great saving to cotton growers and 

manufacturers. Cotton, when ginned, if in proper condition, will 
come out in the lint room in a perfect shower of silky fibers, 
weak and unpretentious of themselves, but when combined, pos- 
sessing a pow ighty wheels of com- 
merce, gives life to countless factory engines and waterwheels, 
and brings wealth and prosperity to nations. Another reason 
why ring cotton, is to have 
it come to tin; gin fre< rid and trash. This defect is not 
considered in the light it ought to be, in fact, it is heedlessly 
•ted, and for that reason cotton fillers are very materially dam- 
, as they are cut and torn by the grains of sand when sub- 
d to the s essure necessary in baling. This, I think, 
is felt more w on is haled while in a damp state, as it lies 
closer. G. W. 



Cotton Doubling and Drawing Cotton. 
From the Textile Record. 

Perfection in the drawing of cotton is affected adversely by 
various causes. 

1st. \'»\ had mixtures of seed before planting; severe rains soon 
after planting; protracted droughts ; ravages of the caterpillars 
•ying the foli d weakei spoiling the plant ; 

picking the cotton before it is fully matured in the boll; indis- 
criminate picking of lint, stick ,id together. 



52 'J' ii b Patent ( u ok 



2d. The not being properly protected from rains at the 

gin houses. If ginned when wet much half-pulverized lint is pro- 
duced by the overloading of the saws ; negligence in the inspec- 
tion and assorting the cotton of different fields and modes of 
culture ; the mixing of short and long, coarse and fine, unripe and 
slippery, with well-developed and well-twisted fibers, which, if 
worked alone, would draw well, and make a nice, strong thread 
for the loom. The latter would test alone 10 to 12 per cent, above 
extra quality, but if mixed in equal quantities with the unripe and 
slippery fiber would be quite certain to drop below extra quality. 
Several gr I qualities are frequently found by good experts 

in handling cotton in the same bale. This not only makes the 
whole lot draw badly, but makes the yarn very uneven. In this 
view of the subject we may see the great importance of thorough- 
ness in mixing cotton in the mills. 

For ninety-one years cotton has been chopped and rolled into 
knots by the Whitney Saw Gin. Many efforts have been made 
to produce a machine to supersede that machine, but without 
much succi 

Several machines have been on trial which separated the lint 
from the seed better, but not in sufficient quantity to take the 
place of the saw gin. 

The late Mr. Evan Leigh, E. C, in his excellent work entitled 
"The Science of Modern Cotton Spinning," says : "There is much 
difference of opinion amongst practical men as to the number of 
tich ought to be given in the drawing process; it is, 
however, certain that the more it is doubled and drawn out, the 
straighter tin lie; but by carrying this pi 

other evils icurred and the nude 

I. Amei rule, requires 

than ni' 
whether long or short, and where OrL 
sively used, il uded that it should be put through 

heads only, having eight ends info one, giving C>4 doublings in 

irns up to No. 84. In other cottons of 
more stubborn character, Move cuds of drawings arc ; 
giving altogether 512 doublings in the drawings, for the same 
numbers." 

From personal knowledge of Mr. Leigh the above system of 

cheerfully commended \<< 



I Tan i>i.i > ung, da i 

American manufacturers for comparison with 
her of heavy slivers, as m our mills are running their 

drawing frames. The importance of guarding against too heavy 
slivers under one roller cannot he too strongly urged for numbers 
'20 and liner. Utilk. 



Some Facts About Cotton— Eight Billion Dollars Drawn to 
the South Since 1 865 to Pay for ^otton. 

[From the Manufacturer's Record, Baltimore, 1800.] 

Cotton is one of the most remarkable products that enters into 
the world's commercial and industrial interests. Its production 
gives the South a very great advantage over any other section of 
the country. Cotton is always in demand, and its consump 
is steadily on the increase. The simple fact that since 186ft 
nearly $8,000,000,000 have been brought into the South to 
pay for cotton, explains in part the marvelous lecuj 
powers of this section since the war. While bad agricultural 
methods have made cotton raising unprofitable to many fara 
yet there is no question but that cotton is one of the most profit- 
able crops that can be raised when its cultivation is carried on 
intelligently on a cash basis. Southern farmer their 

own foodstuffs, making cotton their surplus money crop, find it a 
very profitable one, and almost invariably become; well-to-do 
financially. 

The South produces about three-fourths of the world's annual 
cotton crop, but manufactures only about 7 or 8 per cent of what 
it raises, the balance furnishing the material for work for millions 
of spindles in New England and in Europe. The total cotton 
crop of the world now runs from about 10,000,000 to 11,000,000 
bales, of which the South raises on an average, of late j 
7,000,000 bales. Upwards of 80,000,000 spindles are in operation 
in the world, and of this number the South has but 2,000,000, but 
it should be remembered that in 1880 the South had only 660 
spindles. The increase in the number of its spin* 
surprisingly great, and the future promises still mo 
growth. 

Soi regarding the production of cotton, its value, and the 

amount exported, will prove of interest. 



54 



The Munger Patent Cow em of 



m Thaue 01 



Crop years 

from July 1 to 

August 31. 



1865-1866.. 
1867-1868.. 

1872-1873.. 

1877-1878.. 

1884-1885 . 



Total 



Acreage. 



911,000 
,816,000 

,426,000 
,379,444 

,901,897 



Total crop 



4,474,069 
5,706,165 



Total value 



278,121 
310,01 
272,177,136 

124,911 
313,7: 



113,555 



Consump- 
tion in C.s. 
Bales. 



1,2(11,127 
1,428,013 

2,102.544 

2,257,217 

2,;;14,o<ji 



ports. 
Hales. 



2.r.7:i,!is<; 
4,712,3-17 



Value of 
Exports. 



!85,223 

201,47(1,42:', 

227,243,069 
211,2 

171,1 - 

;l,4H4 

211.51 

247,695,786 
199,812.644 
224,921,413 
197,984.295 
I 1,802 
206,879,697 
205,2 
210,928,551 

ill 1,000 



$5,161,9 



t Estimated. 

These figures are somewhat startling in their magnitude. They 
show that the aggregate value of the cotton raisedin the South 
since 1805 lias been i 000,000, and that the value of 

cotton exported to foreign countries during the same period has 
been $5,161,000,000. Thi influence which cotton has 

exerted upon the foreign commerce of the United States can be 
readily appreciated from these statistics. 

It may be asked if §7, 800,000, Odd of outside money has gone 
South since 1805 to pay for cotton, what has been accomplished, 
and why is the South still comparatively poor? The answer is 
that the condition of the agricultural interests of this section 
after the war, due to the extreme poverty of the people at the 
close of that disastrous struggle, to the system of securing money 
in advance by mortgaging the cotton to be raised, the exhorbitant 
rates of interest, the purchase of necessity of farm and house 
supplies on credit at from 75 to 80 per cent more than cash 
prices, all tended to consume the entire profits on the production 
of cotton. Until very recently these conditions were against the 
raising at home of corn, bacon and other necessities, and almost 
the entire aggregate received for cotton went back to the North 
for foodstuffs. The lack of manufactures necessitated depend 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and I'j 55 

ence upon other sections for almost every line of manufactured 
goods, from a pin to a locomotive. A careful student of the 
history of this section will see that the South was not to Maine, 
it to a limited extent, for this condition of affairs. Gradually 
the people rallied from the disasters of war and commenced the 
development of manufactures and the diversification of their 
farm products. Their "smoke house and corn crib" have ceased 
to he in the West, and the South is now nearly self-supporting in 
supplying its consumptive requirements of foodstuffs. Cotton is 
yearly becoming more and more a surplus crop, and the several 
hundred millions of dollars which it annually yields will, in the 
future, largely remain here for the enrichment of this section, in- 
stead of going North and West to pay for bacon, breadstuff's and 
manufactured goods. In this change there is a revolution in the 
currents of business that must produce surprising results. 
Added to the one or two hundred millions of dollars of cotton 
money that have for twenty-five years annually gone North, but 
which will now remain in the South, will be an equal, or possibly 
a greater amount brought to the South to pay for the iron, the 
lumber and the cotton goods that are now being shipped North 
the millions that will come to pay for mineral and timber lands, 
the $50,000,000 or more that is now paid for early vegetables and 
fruits, and the great aggregate, reaching probably already 
$25,000,000, spent by winter visitors who come South to enjoy its 
climate. These facts are astounding. They can but impress 
any one with the mighty change that is now being wrought out in 
the condition of the South. 

That the South, which produces the cotton, is destined to man- 
ufacture it^ admits of no questioning. The South has the natural 
advantages necessary for success in this business, and whal 
difficulties there may be in the way are easily overcome when 
practical experience, backed by capital, is brought to bear upon 
the matter. There may be times of depression, but this will not 
stop the sure and steady growth of this great industry. Good 
operatives, it has been said by some, cannot be had in the South, 
and this seci ion can never hope, so some of our New England 
friends claim, to do anything more than manufacture coarse goods. 
But a few years ago the same people were just as ready to claim 
that cotton manufacturing, even of coarse goods, would n 
amount lo much in the South. Forced now to admit 



The Munger Paten 

Southern mills control this branch of the business, they fall hack 
on the threadbare argument against the possibity of the Southern 
mills ever successfully competing with New England mills on the 
liner goods. Before many years have passed they will be forced 
to abandon this. Every cotton mill that goes into operation in 
the South helps to make more certain the future supremacy of 
this section in every branch of this industry. With the increase 
in this business the number of trained operatives increases, and 
the skill • v for the production of liner goods will be found 

ready at hand when the cotton manufacturers of the South decide 
that the time has come for devoting more attention to line goods. 

Tt was but a few years ago when the statement that the South 
would, in time, control the iron market of this country was, 
ridiculed, and the reply made that, while the South might pro- 
duce a large quantity of low grade pig iron, it could never hope 
to compete with the North in the finer, finished products of iron 
and steel, where an abundance of capital and skilled mechanics 
would enable that section to still control this branch of the busi- 
ness. At first the South demonstrated that it could make pig 
iron more cheaply than any other part of this country. Having 
done this, attention was turned to the building of enterprises for 
producing the finished goods, and locomotive works, car and car- 
wheel works, tack factories, stove foundries, hardware factories, 
nail mills, engine works, saw factories and hundreds of kindred 
enterprises are daily proving that the South can manufacture 
every variety of line products requiring the highest skilled la 
As in iron, so will it be in cotton. When the time is ripe, and 
that time, seems to be at hand, for the South to turn its attention 
to liner qualities of cotton goods, it will do so, and do if success- 
fully. 

In 1880 the census reported $207,782,868 invested in cotton 
manufacture in the United States, and the consumption of eotton 
by American mills 1,570,342 bales, or much less than one-fourth 
of an average crop. < I asis it would require an investment 

of over $800,000,000 in mills to consume our entire cotton crop; 
so we can form some idea of what the magnitude of the eotton 
manufacturing interests is. Out of an estimated total of 80,000,- 
000 spindles in the world, the United States has only about 
13,000,000, Great Britain having over one-half, or 42,000,000. 
The total consumption of cotton in the world is from 10,000,000 



(ilNNI 






to 11,000,000 hales a year, of which the South furnishes 7,000,000 
bales. 

The Manufacturers' Record lately compiled, through special 
reports from cotton mills in the South, a list of all the mills in 
thai section, with the number of spindles and looms in each ; and 
comparing these figures with the report of the census of 1880, we 
have the following interesting table, showing a most remarkable, 
increase: 

















States. 


No. of 


of 


of 




.. of 




Mills. 

21 


Spindles. 


Looms. 


Mills. 


Spindles. 


Looms. 


Alabama 


131,904 


2,414 


10 


132 


863 


Arkansas 




13,800 




2 


2,015 






1 


1,400 




1 






Georgia. 


73 




10,246 


40 


656 


4,493 


Kentucky 





200 


077 








Louisiana 


5 


60,280 




2 


6,096 


120 


Maryland . ... 


25 


175,042 


,36 


19 


125,706 


2,425 


Mississippi . . . 


11 


69,396 


2,054 




18,568 


644 


North Carolina 


111 


386,837 






185 


1.700 


South Carolina 


44 


417,730 




14 


S34 


1,676 


Tennessee .... 


31 


126,324 








818 


Texas 












71 




14 


09, 




161 






Total 


355 


2,035,268 


r,854 


14,423 



These figures show that the number of mills now in the South 
as compared with 1880 has doubled, while the number of spindles 
and looms has more than trebled, the tendency being- to build 
mills of greater capacity than formerly. From 101 mills having 
667,854 spindles and 14,323 looms in 1880 this industry has 
creased until there are now 355 mills with 2,035,2(18 spindles and 
45,001 looms in the South. As remarkable as is this men 
these figures really do not fully represent th ipmentof this 

business, for they do not include the spindles and looms of many 
new mills now under construction, and others upon which work 
will shortly begin. 

The importance of developing this industry cannol 
strongly emphasized. It keeps at home the great wealth pro- 
duced in manufacturing the South's leading staple. As already 
shown on the basis of the capital invested and the bales of cotton 
consumed in American mills in 1880, an investment 000,- 

ono would he required to manufacture 



Tin: Mi 

this country. Instead of sellin 000,000 a year, as 

>p now <; in the 

Soul: 000,000,0 ir. Cotton mills fur- 

nish emp] labor that must remain idle 

for hick of work to do, ex< his business grows. In every 

town and the South there are hundreds, and in some 

thousands, of win n and girls anxious to work, while there 

is no manufactur- 

i which they rcadih pert, they are enabled to 

support them, -nli of the 

community. Mr. John Hill, oi Ling cotton manufac- 

turing experts of the Soul ! ted that, of the o] 

emploj mill, at least 

mployed, 
and hence had added nothing to the productive or wealth- 

from choice, 
hut from for drain on 

others and bi ipporting. This is one of the great 

in manufacturing brings to the 
Sou, 

COTTON SAVING. -Extracts From a Paper Read Several 
Ye^rs Ago at a Meeting of the New England Cotton 
Manufacturers' Association by Hon. Edward At- 
kinson. 

The crop of the United States was, 6S the average, 

depri it a pound by the bad handling be- 

tween the field and I t a pound in a crop of 

6,000,000 is about $30,000,000. Nearly every one consulted has 
added to this stimony that ided in 

the present had method of handling thrice as much as 

is needed, and that if the whole loss to the planters of the South 
from waste labor, waste in ginning, waste in haling, waste in 

itself by 

package and stealage, and waste i point could be 

distinctly computed and tabulated, it would he nearer to two 

a pound, or $60,000,000 a year. It is one thin-;' to state this 

and quite anode to find a remedy. 

(JINNINU ON A SMAU. SOAI.K. 

Tie ind baling in tin- - orgia and 



Handling, Cleaning, Gini 59 



Alabama, which are^ on the whole, two of the most ssive 

Stales of the Soi nducted by one of the three methods: 

1. Ginneries run by horse or mule 

2. Ginneries run by steam. 

3. A very few run by water power. 

Tin rded. Tim principal part of the 

- 1 is 
usually used ■■ 

one or two neighbors. The gin-house is usually a two-story 
building of rough construction. The cotton is from the 

Held in wagons and carried to the uppi d by 

means of a ladder. Four mules furnish the motive power. The 
lint cotton is thrown by a brush info the lint room, which is 
neither brushed nor sv nor from 

one decade to another. What encoura there be for 

careful picking- when the cotton is to be ginned in such a place? 

In the custom ginneries, the machinery ber and more 

carefully attended to, and >r handli otton 

are vastly superior to thosi a matter 

of very grave doubt whether the c ut in any bet- 

ondition than in the prin ay. In fact, then 

reason to fear that it is n red in these estubl than 

in the old-fashioned way. During theginnn mblic 

ginneries are always crowded with work — each man desiri i 
have his cotton carried through immediate! urn home, 

his chief object being to get t! -t quantii ton from 

the seed which he can possibly obtain. The proprietor of the 
gin is interested in getting through the largest number of bales, 
and he works with a view dating Ins customers and 

taking the largest toll, rather than with any idea, of turning out 
good and uninjured staple which his customers do not appreciate, 
lie runs his machinery at the highest possible ud works 

as close as possible in order to maki Id of lint. If the 

truth wore known, all "nepped" or over-ginned cotton could prob- 
ably be traced to gins of this sort. 

The representatives of certain railroads have sought informa- 
tion as to the right 

equipped with sufttciei and 

also to establish their brand In own. 

The represent oil mill 



■ lid 

tiing to otton gii sir works and to buy cotton 

in the seed. If app< i of 

OLL 

, and will i to improvements, 

profit ilia,;/ be made by im- 
proving the condition of the cotton. 



Imperfect Handling Injurious to the Interests of the South 
—Efforts To Cure It Advised. 

[from the New York Cotton Exchange] 

The Board of Management of the New York Cotton Ex- 
change have adopted a report relative to the waste in the staple. 
T/ie report sags: 

"Whereas, numerous complaints have been made about the 
waste in the staple of American cotton, which has led to the 
belief in many instances that it is caused by ginning at a high 
rate of speed and cleaning the seed too closely, thereby breaking 
the staple, thus lowering its character and value. This exchange 
would most earnestly call the attention of the planting interest. 
to the evil and ask that efforts be made to cure it. It is quite 
manifest that lowering the value of cotton by imperfect handling 
is injurious to t/i< of the /South. Some of the damage 

complained of is traceable to the .imperfect condition of gins. 

Farmers should understand that it is the staple of American 
cotton that enables it to be sold at a higher value than the pro- 
duce of India, and thitt just so much of the staple as deteriorated 
it will be 'tin price. Sand and dust have been found in 

our crop this year in larger proportions than ever before. Hence 
a great reduction in. price has been made for it. The adoption of 
cleaners that would remedy the grievance should become general. 

In conclusion planters should be reminded that more can? 
should be given to baling, so as to avoid mixing different qualities 
in th tnnoyance at the mills 

and leads to reclamations against selling. 



Hani: 



What \s Our Qohplete System ? 



WHAT IS THE " MUNGER SYSTEM?" 

From the earliest introduction of our system, the suction ele 
vator and cleaner was commonly called, though usly, the 

« Munger ' because the absolute novelty of that method 

ofhandlh ; - HoW( 

we wish it clearly understood that by "our system" is meant 
not only our Elevator, Cleaner and Distributer, but also our Gins, 
Feeders, Condenser, and especially our Patented System of gin- 
ning from the gin or gins directly into our Double-Box, Self- 
Packing Press. 

THE OLD WAY 

Up 
South ) outfits. 

Tb able of turning out more 

than ten bales per day, tb 

forty bales capacity. Tho tore than that 

•ry rare. 

These small outfits requi 

them as one on our plan of foi small 

iisluuents usually gin for toll, and ai much 

crowded during the ginnin ma " 

r l,j n , injuring and wearing 

out 

Many of them do not an from • hun- 

dred bales [x 

Kadi of them requi inner, fireman and an en 

weigher, and from on< ssmen. Tiny arc usually run 

by a small portable engim om 50 to 120 

pounds, and -s ma " 

chin 



TUK MUNGKK 1' : SYSTEM OK 

of tin if cleaning the cotton, or of protecting and 

»ing it so, even if brought to the gin clean. 

CUNNING FOR PROFIT 

With the old style rig, the greater portion of the profits are 
required to pay the running expenses; or by the time yon begin 
machinery is either worn or burned out. 
Our system is durable, easily put up, economical in running ex- 
work, advances the i the prodi 
draws patronage by reason of its conveniences and labor-saving 
appliances, and consequently is most likely to prove satisfactory 
to those who want to " gin for profit." 

THE INCREASING DEMAND FOR COTTON 

The continually increasing variety of new uses for which cot- 
ton is being adapted, necessitates a comparative increase in the 
supp] demands. The great demand and the low 

, make it imperative that the 
cal methods of handling, 
ginn for the market. 

LIGHTING GINNERIES 

When desired to arrange to run at night, the incandescent light 
is a \ It can be put in at a 

re.su Its, if 
, er, good 
lamps or lanterns will answer the purpose very well. 

With our system the lint is not scattered over the floor as it is 

hanging to the walls, which 
de to run on .1 by night, even by closed 

lanterns, wil ly any risk of fire. 

TRAMPING AND SWEEPING COTTON OVER THE FLOOR 

. v injurious to the staple, as well as troublesome to the gin 
ner. Ii is almost impossible to handle cotton in baskets without 
dropping ram of it upon the. Moor. There ii is trampled 

under the feet and the seeds crushed, swept around the dirty 
floor, mixed with all the tilth and dirt, and then picked up and 



mixed, in with the rest of the cotton. Tramping th< >tton 

over the floor mashes the seed and causes the hulls and specks 

he lint, and I I to be hulled and lost, making 

another small but sure loss by th u. These things 

to those who have been accustomed 
to seeing it done all. their lives, but when properly counted amount 
to a great deal. The same may be said of sweeping and tramping 
the lint cotton. 

THE BASKETS FAREWELL 

Up to the time of the in! hods of handling 

cotton, t] >n's supply of baskets 

the public gin, 
an( i j From ten to 

e usually worn out or destroyed during the 
on, and which amounts to that many dollars in most locali- 
ties. To save the aching back as much as e fre- 
quently dragged over the floor, which soon dilapidates them. 

WELL-SHAPED COTTON BALES 

Notion how few he value, 

i 

what kind 
i or emu 
They 
know Our bal 

d down I »r the 

weights than those usual! The 

cotton being ginned in ly, and I in by our 

machine, the layi tton pre- 

dding 
some, 
and our 

gth of our 
nits them being I agon, between 

the wheels, if i«ls torn i 



64 Thk Mungjsk Patent Complete System of 



wheels. They arc also of the width recommended by the com- 
pressinen as best adapted to their purpose of getting tin; greatest 
tonnage in the car or vessel. 

LABOR DURING GINNING SEASON 

is generally more difficult to obtain, and commands a higher price 
than at any other season of the year. This is owing to the great 
demand for labor for picking and gathering the cotton. As soon 
as th s there is a rush for the cotton-patch. If you 

want at the gin, you generally have to offer pretty 

good inducements in the way of goon and especially is 

this made the more true with old style gins from their extremely 
dusty and unhealthy condition. 

BUYING EVERYTHING TOGETHER 

at the same time, at the same place, and from one party or firm 
alwa; er satisfaction than when divided up from first 

one party or place to another. Our machinery is all designed and 
built to 1 i her. If left to us, every pulley is prop- 

erly el nit proper speed, and so with the shaft- 

ing, ory part being prepared to join together 

t— all shipped, billed, hauled out, put up, started and suited to run 
together. 

BELTING 

For our we supply the finest grade of leather 

belts. Remember that it is not always the thickest that is the 
On the \ for fast-running belts,as required for our 

only tin rade of single leather should be used. Mod 

lined in some instances from different 
forms of webb or cotton belt, such as the Gaudy, and other 
sewed and covered hells, but as yet we have received the best re- 
sults from a good leather. For other purposes it is all a matter 
of taste some of our customers use one kind and some another. 

PULLEYS 

In locations not exposed to great dampness we recommend the 
split wood pulley for most purposes, where the speed is not great. 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressing. 65 



They are light, and will generally pull more than the iron, and 
being split, admits of them being placed on the shaft after it is 
coupled, and moved from one position to another with much more 
ease than with the ordinary solid iron pulley. But where great 
speed is required, and a true and balanced wheel is desired, we 
furnish a wrought iron rim. For small sizes we prefer cast iron 
pulleys. We furnish all kinds, selecting that best adapted to the 
work to be done and the speed to be run. 

SCALES 

It is a mistaken idea in some persons to locate the wagon scales 
either under the suction pipes, or just in front of them. It fre- 
quently happens that half a dozen or more wagons will arrive at 
one time, or will accumulate in the yard while the weigher is 
busy or absent — all waiting to be weighed. The scales should be 
placed near and convenient to the gin, but located so that any 
number of wagons, either empty or loaded, may be weighed and 
driven out of the way. It may be arranged so that after weigh- 
ing, they may then be drawn up in a line or circle in rotation, 
and there await their turn, either at the; gin or storage rooms. 
Some who gin for the seed, or for part of the proceeds of the bale, 
or so much per 100 lbs. of lint, do not weigh the seed cotton 
at all. But our preference is to weigh all cotton, before and 
after being ginned, and then you know what you are doing. 

IU(UUN(i AND TIES 

We have been reading various articles, and listening with 
much interest to the various discussions and articles on the above 
subject, but we arc. unable to decide what the final result will be. 
There are friends to jute and friends to cotton, and friends to pine 
straw, and wire cloth, and now comes the cotton stalk. It seems 
to us that if bagging can be made from the stalk, that will com- 
part 1 , in quality and price with jute, that it would lie a, boon to the 
Southern fanner. Or if not the stalk, then the cotton itself, pro- 
vided it can be made and sold as cheaply as jute. At the present 
writing, this has not been proven sufficiently to cause its use as 
extensively as jute. Why n< >t use the motes, as we (dean and re-gin 
them, for this purpose? Thus will another unknown industry be 
added to the South's vast resoui 



66 The Munger Patent i m of 



OUR WITNESSES. 



The bters are from parties who are using our (Nun- 

System, including our own Patent Gins. We have had 
our say; read what they say; then write to tliem ; then 

go to see their outfits; then buy one for yourself and be happy : 



Office of the Nation m. Cotton Oil ('<>., ) 

Paris, Texas, March !>i), 1890. \ 

The Munger Improved Cotton Machine Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas: 

Gentlemkn : I am in receipt of your late favor asking for a 

iption of the 6-gin outfit which you furnished for the 

National Cotton Oil Co., and a statement as to whether the plant 

isfaction or not. 

The gin building is lKxTl feet, outside measurement, two 

stories high, ceiled and painted overhead .and on sides and ends 

in upper story, and finished rough, with dirt floor in lower story. 

The buildi vered on roof, sides and ends with corrugated 

and is located fifty feet west of the oil mill building on a 

side track of tin; Texas & Pacific Railway. The engine, 55 horse 

ted in th rid of the lower story of the gin 

building, and the shafting pulleys and steam cylinder, west of it. 

In the upper story we have strung out in one line, six 7<l-saw- 

Munger Gins, six 70-saw-Munger Gin Feeders, one hint Flue, one 

420-saw-Munger Condenser, oik; Double-Box Steam Cylinder 

Mini. n Press, one Munger Steam Packer, one Munger 6- 

Gin Suction Elevator and Distributer, and one seed Conveyer. 

Steam to run this machinery is taken from the boilers in the mill 

build hundred and twenty -five feet distant, and no fires or 

v nearer the gin building than this. With your 

Suction Elevators, we draw seed cotton from storehouse in mill 

buildi oints from 14|0 to 150 feet distant, also take 

he Texas & Pacific Railway track seventy feet 

}< ed cotton from either 



[|.\Ni)hfN iNd, Ginning ami I'b (17 



place is conveyed directly into a Manger Vacuum box, where the 
dust and dirt in out, and from which it goes into a Mun- 

ger Distributer, which rills the feeders that supply the gins. 
We run our six gins all at once, and they all gin into one lintflue^ 
which conveys the lint cotton into one Condenser, which reels it 
off into one of the press boxes. As the cotton fills the Tress 
• Box, by simply pulling a lever, we run your self-packer down on 
it, and out again quickly and smoothly, and in such manner as 
not to interfere with or clog the cotton coining out of the ( ■on- 
denser. This operation \\c repeat as often as may be nece 
to make the size hale we want. When one box is full, we turn 
. bringing an empty box around to the Condenser to he 
I while the full box is beie Cylinder 

and the completed bale tied ready for mark 

ii the gins are conveyed by a screw to our seed bi 

s them by wind into the seed house above men- 
tioned, or into a car on the other side of it, as we may wish. 

We han thing by steam and Munger wind and have no 

difficulty in conveying seed cotton by your suction from v 
we hi red, or from cars or wagons with sufficient rapidity 

gins running. There is no "nigger in the 
us, nor none wit! >p rustling to keep tl utof 

the way. When we ' 'S to load with seed we place them 

ailroad t e, pull out an 

ision blower pipe, giv< roper angle inside of the car, 

turn a valve and pay no more attention to it until w< inned 

!i to eighteen ball ton, when we simply turn the slip 

joint to the other end of the car, and the work of loadinj 
until I lie when we draw in our pip 

hinery. 

and put the It part of ou 

fan. 

ir expensi 
litttle heavier than it would be were they both to 
one person's control. As 
lion of ths lie follow 

tireniau, one ginner, one boy 
one suction tender, and on This 



Tuk MiNi.ioi; Patent Complete System of 



force costs us, outside of the salaries paid the engineer and gm- 

jier, 17.50 per day. 

We have a complete Munger outfit, and while there are Larger 
outfits in Texas, I know of none as complete in all of its appoint- 
ments, and I feel safe in saying, we have the best gin outfit in exist- 
ence. This, I know, is saying a good deal, hut I believe it to be 
true or I wotdd not say it. The Gins, Feeders, Lint Flue, Con- 
denser, Double-Box Press, Suction Elevator, Seed Blower, and in 
fact everything in the outfit does its appointed work, and does it 
well, and the improvements you have made results in giving a 
better staple and cleaner cotton than any other method. We are 
perfectly satisfied with the entire outfit. 

Y^ours truly, 

F. II. Baily, Agent. 



Three years ago we lifted up Messrs. Tester Faust & Co., of 
New Braunfels, Texas, with an outfit of our machinery consist- 
ing of Suction Elevator, Distributer, Gin Feeders, Lint Flue Sys- 
tem, Condenser and Double- Box Press, to be placed on four good 
gins of other standard and popular make. Next year we sold 
them another complete outfit, same as above, with oujr oins to go 
in the same building right along by the side of the other row, and 
now yon can see what the;/ say of our ;/it>s. They have one of the 
finest equipped ginneries in the world, consisting of eight gins, 
with provision to rim them from a magnificent water power. 
Their capacity is fifty bales per day with ease and first-class 
work, or sixty-five bales if necessary. Their custom is gaining 
rapidly, and they are gaining a world-wide reputation, especially 
from spinners, for the quality of their products. 



Office ok Peter Faust & Co., General Mkuchants, i 
New Braunfels, Texas, Jan. 16, 1889. i 

Munger I. (J. M. Co: 

Dear Sirs: We wish to express our fullest satisfaction with 

all the machinery bought of you. The two complete four 60-saw 

gin outfits work to perfection and give no trouble. Farmers are 

rinding out the vast difference in cotton being handled by your 

m in comparison to the old way. Since having first used 



Handling, Cleaning, Ginning and Pressin* 69 

your system we have become more and more convinced that it 
will take the place of the old way of ginning cotton altogether in 
the course of time, the advantages offered to the farmer beii 
evident that everybody sees the difference after a trial. At once 
is to be seen the convenience of the unloading through the Su< 
tion Elevator, and the good effect it has on the seed cotton to he 
loosened and cleaned before being fed into the (/ins. Tim long 
Flue and large Condenser in place of the old condenser close be- 
hind the gin is one of t/te best features of the system, and we 
would not be without it. The increase'in value is most apparent 
in the medium grades, as they are generally raised in Texas. 
The lower and medium grades are worth at least one-half cent 
more per pound when handled by your system. Your gins have 
given us good satisfaction, being easily handled and making a 
smooth sample. They have many advantages over other gins, the 
brush being run by the main belt and the large driving pulley on 
the gin saw shaft, also the raising of the breast and the adjust- 
ment of same. We prefer them to any other make of gins. Our 
success is the best proof. We ginned last season 850 bales, and 
have ginned up to date this season 1,365, and will gin 300 more, 
and would have exceeded this considerably if we had had all the' 
machinery ready at the beginning of the season. Wishing you 
success, we are yours, etc, 

Peter Faust & Co. 



New Beaunfels, Texas, Feb. 12, 1890. 

Manger Improved Cotton Machine Mfg. Co., Dallas, T, 

DeabSies: After using your improved machinery lor the 
handling and ginning of cotton for the last three 
say that we are better pleased to-day than ever. 

We ginned in the season of 1 S87 350 l >■ 

« « 1888 1,550 

1889. .... ..3,235 « 

T °ta' .5,125 « 

At the same time we can say that to-day our machinery we 
bought of you is as good as it was when we received it from 
you, as the wear of the same is but very small, and with proper 
care there is no expense for repairs. Wishing you much su< 
the coming season, Vours truly, !>,,, 



The Mi 

- from the Report of the Gomm the Dallas 

l \n: ami Exposition Association. -TV Saving of 
000,000 to the Southern States, or to Texas 
100,000. 
We, the undersigned Committee, appointed at the Dallas State 
Fair and Exposition, report that we have thoroughly examined 
if the K. S. Munger's Improved Method of elevating, 
ing, ginning and pressing cotton without labor, and do 
cheerfully bear testimony to the completeness and perfection 
with which the several machines perform the work for which 
they are designed, and commend them to the cotton planters of 
the South as being far superior to any cotton gin machinery yet 
invented. 

# * # # * * 

The .Manger (Jins, as exhibited at your Fair, commend them 
is for their adaptability for ginning cotton on his improved 
• Strength, durability, simplicity, ease of Iiand- 
of adjustment and general economy in results, making 
»d sampie and ginning the seed clean. 

# * * # * 

Mr. Munger's inventions are destined to work a great revolu- 
tion in the cultivation and ginning of cotton in the South, for his 
in will effect a saving to them of bale 

ed, amounting in the 5,000,000 throughout 

Southern States, or about $(>,000,000 to Tex* 

.John C. McCoy,") 

C. E.Ttilhert, ; r. ,, 
,,,,,, ' Dallas. 

I>. b . Hawk ins, 

W. \i. liAlillW, 



l>- I'. Hagoabd, j. Calyert 

.1. II. (ill'.SoN, \ 

W.«.Vka,„ , 

J. L. (tARTII, i 

Commit 



Dallas, Texas, Feb. 12, 1890. 
Messrs. Munyer I. C. M. Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texa»: 

Dear Sirs: In reply to your inquiry as to how cotton ginned 
on your Improved Machinery works in our mills, beg to sa 

Improved Mi make; the 



Ham ani> Press] 



cotton much more desirable for spinning, as the staple is 
and the cotton well cleaned. Works well all tfee 
through, from the breakers to the looms. 

We will always give preference to cotton ginned and packed 

your machinery, even at an ad-utnce in price. 
Yours, very truly, 

Dallas Cotton AND Woolen Mii.i.s. 

S. I>. Blake, President. 



Forney, Tex., Jan. 17, 1890. 
Messrs. Manger I. C. M. Mfg. Co., Dallas Texas : 

Dear Sirs: I have been ginning for twenty years and I 
used some six different make of gins, and as for your mak 
gins, 1 am satisfied it is the fastest gin and lightest draft that I 
ever used, and makes an excellent sample. And your machinery 
for handling seed and lint cotton is a complete labor-saving 
machinery, as I have handled as many as thirty-three bale 
twelve hours, only using five men. As to your Self -Packer, it is 
the grandest piece of gin work I ever saw, as one man can handle 
inputting in thirty -three bales per day regai eight. 

With a short crop with us, I have ginned 1,443 
ing 7. r ><) pounds, one 70S pounds, and 1 am satisfied I can put 
1,000 pounds of cotton in my box with your self- packer. 

I). C. K i\<A m (Using a 3-70-saw (Jin Outfit.) 



Hoohiieim, Texas, Dec. 11, 1889. 
Messrs. Mnnger 1. C. M. Mjg. Co., Dallas, Texas : 

Dear Sirs: 1 will put in several more of your Gin Stands 
another year. Your gins are the best in the world, without any 
exception. J. IT. Souw . 



Whiteright, Texas, .Ian. 31, 1890. 
Messrs. Mnnger I. C. M. Mfg. Co., JJallas, Texas : 

Dear Sirs: The machinery is the best I run 
tion. I have got the whole thing complete and will say that if 
has given satisfaction, and 1 cannot recommend it too highly for 
ginning and handling cotton. I',. T. Blanton. 



The Munger Patent Complete System <>k 



Beulah, .Miss., Jan. 29, 1890. 
Messrs. Munger /. V. M. Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas: 

Dear Sirs: Your gin outfit sold us is a success, and improves 
the sample of cotton one-half to one cent per pound. We have 
much encouragement, which we will write you later about, from 
people in regard to the outfit. The Stand is all we could ask 
for, and is well adapted to the use of the worst bully cotton. 
Brushes have all the capacity we want; the Press and Self-Packer 
is a complete success. The Seed Conv< line thing and no 

limit to its work. We feel satisfied we have the finest ginning 
outfit there is i)i the Mississippi Valley. Your Machinery and 
Stands have all the requisite qualifications and capacity of doing 
better work, and more substantial than any other make of ma- 
chinery we have ever known or heard of in the so-called Swamp 
Country. We trust you may sell many more in here, as you 
will as soon as people find out what it is. 

Deitz & Courson (Using a 3-70-saw Gin Outfit.) 



Pearsall, Texas, Feb. 22, I SIM). 
Messrs. Munger I. C. M. Co., Dallas, Texas: 

Dear Sirs: As to your system of ginning and handling cot- 
ton, would say I deem it far superior to anything I have yet seen 
for the business. T cannot see how r the principle can be improved 
upon. I would not take one of the old style ginneries as a gift, 
if I was compelled to run it. The gins arc easily managed ; the 
Feeders give no trouble; the Distributer docs all that is required 
of it, and the Double-Box Press and Steam Cylinder are much 
the best I have seen; is convenient strong and speedy, as we 
have pressed a bale and rolled it out in three and one-halt' minute-: 
time steam was turned on. Wishing you success. 

IF. S. Sooviu. (Using a 2-70-saw Outfit.) 



Office op Otto Buchel&Co., ^| 

Wholesale Grocers and Com. Merchants, V 

Bani d Exchange, Cuero, Tex. J 

Munger Improved Cotton Machine Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas : 

Dear Sirs: The third season's work of our new ginnery is 



Handling, Cleaning, Ctinning ani> Pressing. TA 



about closed and about 10,000 bales of cotton have been turned 
out, now it amy be said that a thorough test of your machines in 
detail has been established. The conveying of seed cotton by 
suction in conjunction with your Vacuum Box and Vacuum 
Feeder and Distributer is a success beyond contradiction : 

First, in the great security from the risk of fire; second, in the 
easy transmission of seed cotton; third, in the freeing from sand 
and dust, loosening and preparing every lock of seed cotton for 
the gin. Your simple belted gin offers many conveniences and 
does yood and rapid work. The Common Flue and Condenser, 
throwing cotton directly into your Double-Box press is no longer 
an experiment, but a fixed fact, for performing good and faithful 
service. Four Double-Box Presses are substantial and rapid, and 
if hydraulic or any reliable power is used, they will never give 
trouble. We cheerfully recommend your system and machinery 
to all progressive ginners. The old rawhide rattle-traps must go. 
Y ours, very truly, 
Buchel Milling <'<». (('sing a. 10-gin Outfit for;! years.) 



Lisbon, Dallas Co., Texas. 
Munger I. C. M. Mfg. Co., Dallas, 7'exas : 

Gentlemen : Your machinery is a complete success in all its 
parts. We are highly pleased with its work for several reasons. 
it pleases our customers ; it cleans the cotton and makes a better 
sample than any other gin machinery we have ever seen; it is 
simple and easily operated ; it carries the dustoutof the building, 
making it more pleasant for the operatives, therefore hands do 
not cost so much. As your gin has but one belt to run saws and 
brush it does away with the frequent lacing of a, narrow brush 
belt. 1 have had considerable experience with gins and operating 
machinery, and have to say your machinery complete, as I have 
it, has not been excelled in this country yet, nor I don't think 
likely to be soon. I take it that if a man does anything good 
for his fellow man, he is entitled to his full share of the credit for 
the same. Consequently R. S. Manger's head has done more to 
benefit the cotton producers of this country than any one head this 
side the river, and I take pleasure in recommending his machinery 
to any one embarking in the gin business. 

E. A. (Jiiaci'.v (I 'sing a 3-70-saw Outfit.) 






THE MUNGER IMPROVED COTTON MACHINERY. 

(Texas Kami and Ranch). 

Through several issues of Texas Farm and Ranch it is our 
purpose to describe the leading- manufacturing enterprises of 

We do this for the purpose of calling attention to the 
fact that Texas is rapidly becoming a manufacturing country, 
and to encourage the future development of the industrial spirit. 
We present herewith a brief description of the Munger Improved 

tton Machinery and the factory at Dallas. 

Mr. U.S. Munger, the patentee, is a native of this State. At 
an early age he began operating a ginnery; and soon noticing the 
enormous amount of labor and small profits attached to this line 
of business, he at once devoted a portion of his time and atten- 
tion to devising some means by which he could reduce expenses, 
tabor and improve the cotton. 

This led to remodeling and improving his machinery, which, in 
the, course of time, developed into the present perfect system of 
handling cotton. 

I lis improvements attracted much attention and he at once 
tted them and commenced to construct other ginneries on 
the same plan as his own. And following the general tide of 
prise and capital he located in Dallas. Here he manufac- 
tured and sold his machinery until he found that the increased 
demand for his machinery was so great that he organized a stock 
company, embracing some of the leading capitalists and business 
men of Dallas. And now the new company, presents to the 
ginners of the Tinted States, the most improved means of hand- 
ling seed cotton, with ample facilities to meet the enormous 
demand. 



MUNGER IMPROVED COTTON MACHINE M'F'G CO. 

(Dallas Herald, June 4, 18X7). 

We take pleasure in calling attention to the above corporation, 
which will be found of great interest to all ginners and cotton 
men. This company has purchased the Munger patents on im- 
proved cotton gin machinery for the territory west of the Missis- 
sippi river. It is composed of some of the wealthiest men in the 
State, and known throughout Texas as men of means and push, 
such as Mr. J. T. Elliott, capitalist and lumber merchant ; Capt. 






\Y. II. <-; sale hard 

i, niacin i 
\V. V\ 

chanj feral millions of dollars. Tin 

men who il in business, and of 

thrift, and are well known throughout the 
with ample means at tl 

fullest, extent, knowing that the machinery they manufa< 
will save millions of dollars to Texas and the South. They 
ipy some thr< • Main street car line. 

Their shops are immense structures two stories high, contain 
ill the latest and most impraN 'linery. Their yards 

ith the choicest lumber, and they are now ' ma 
ditions with n machine] 

The Munger Improved machinery is too well known for us to 
give ition in this . est that you 

call, as they will be glad to see you, and show you every detail 
of their works. Mr. R. S. Munger, who is the ! iti- 

or of the different arti it his life as a prai 

ginncr, and has expended thousands of dollars in bringin 

lie has his 
is at all times open to an; lie has never tried to keep 

any of his discoveries a secret, lie has always been perfi 
free to show his improvements, and has never taken out a patent 
on any of his machinery until the machine had proven a site 
No infringement of any other patent would ever be thong! 
and none would he allowed on his valuable improvements. 

The past increase of sales and popularity of Mr. Muriger's 
inventions is but an index; of what the company may expect in 
the largely increased sales the coming year. They manufa. 
everything that is required to fit up a complete modern cotton 
ginnery. Their works are the largest in Dallas, and they are 
working full force to supply the orders they arc receiving. 



The AJ vr Complete System of 



Contents 



Introduction *3 

Our Complete System. Saving of room, on consequent re- 
duction in original cost of building; in length of lint Hue 
and distance the lint is blown ; a shortening of Distrib- 
uter and distance seed cotton is conveyed, shortening the 
distance the ginner walks, and consequent less labor in 
attending to them 5 

The Dust Nlisanck Avoided — And consequent better 
health 7 

Cleaning Cotton — Has not been popular, but now compul- 
sory ; the great 1 >enef its 8 

Mixing Cotton— -A great benefit, especially to the spinner in 

making even yarn, and he appreciates it in our work. . . 
Dry into Cotton— Necessary to good ginning and sample.. . . 11 

Preserving the Normal Condition — Found alone in our 

system, especially our Lint Handling Flues 12 

Fire Risk and Insurance— Great reduction acknowledged 
by every one who investigates, even the insurance com- 
panies themselves ; will be still more this year 14 

Simplicity ; Durability 16 

Building with a View to Enlarging — Ours peculiarly 

adapted to 17 

of Life and la mi; IK 

The Best Always the Cheapest — Especially in handling 

anything as delicate as cotton libers 19 

Our Drawings, Blue Prints and Instructions 20 

Patronage Doubled If you offer proper inducements 

to farmers 20 

,y LTsEO Wiikuk Win. i. K\ high rec- 
ommendation 20 

Ahead of tiik Thmes— Weiire somctin 21 



Ginning a ND Pj 77 



Storage of Seed Cotton — Don't store more than yon 

prevent, unless in separate building 21 

Buying Cotton in Seed— Will become general sooner or 

later ; just as well begin now 22 

Handling Seed — With same wind that handles the cotton 23 

Utilizing Motes — Worth attention 25 

Engine and Boiler — Get one large enough. ... 26 

Sizes of (tins — 70-saw about right, with ours. 27 

Proper Work for Gins — A bale to ten saws in ten hours.. . 28 

Various Results in Running Gins— Universal rules 29 

Press Powers— Screw, Steam Cylinder and Hydraulic; our 

Two-Box Press ; any Power 31 

Tramping Cotton in the Press— Difficult to get labor to do. 31 
Cost of Building and Operating Our Public Ginnerie 
Location ; cost of build! I of machinery ; expense 

of running ; souk- points for profit 32-37 

Cotton — Uneveness in mill processes caused by imperfect 
ginning ; short lint; motes ; dampness ; necessity of better 
methods; the planter suffers ; comparative loss fully 
25 per cent, in the two conditions of yarn. — "Agawam" 
in M<t)ti, 40 

iulak ^ ,nd how it n .voided ; 

begins in cotton held; whole hales terribly mixed; 

fibers badly cut. by saws; no pit-kin- or carder can make 

good even yarn; damp cotton. Textile Manufacturing 

World. 44 

A New Invention Called For Wanted: something that 
will take the fibers of cotton from the seed, and leave 
them as near parallel as possible; the ginning of to-day 
barbarous; must, absolutely abandon previous practi< 

Manufacturers' Gazette.. 46 

Radical Changes N"e< sson 209 hale test $1,422; 

on the entire crop forty-four million dollars; the de- 
mands for reform imperative atrial Reporter... . 47 

Cotti ,'n yarn; the cause of it ; pick- 

ing dirty and damp; small lots mixed; not dried or 
cleaned; necessarily injured by ginning; lint cut, by 



The Muncjl'u Patent Complete StstejI 



sand; careless [tacking 1 ; fraudulent mixtures; an in 

trable loss. -Manufacturers' R ind Industrial, 
Record. 47 

Cotton— A valuable industry; points of interest pertain- 
ing to gathering, ginning and baling; cotton frequently 
gathered after rains, wet and dirty; should be dried and 
saned; it is mutilated during growing; sand leaf and 
dirt cut the filters; a thorough method of preparation 
of seed cotton recommended in large and well appointed 
gins; a handsome profit to those engaged in the bus- 
iness, and a great saving to cotton growers. — Industrial 
Review 49 

Doubling and drawing ; cause of imperfect; indis- 
criminate picking of lint, sticks and mud; gins half 

Iverize the lint; bad mixtures; rains; droughl 
caterpillars; immature bolls frequently 

found in same bale. Tex 

ight billion doll; i 
the South since 1865; valuable statistics; a grand pli 

doping the industry and encouraging 
home manufacturing in the South. — Man rs 1 



lill ion Dollai iouth 

annually from bad handling, ginning and baling ; larj 
ginneries equipped with better methods of handling and 
id buying seed cotton recommended. />';/ 

Hon. Edward Atkinson, Boston 

I handling injure 
reduction in price made on account of it; cleaning, p 
t ginning and baling, avoiding mixtures, urgently re 

ommended. — N~. Y. Cotton, Exchange 

t is Our Complete System ? 

The Old Way— Alluding to the ordinary steam gins in use <>! 

Ginning for Profit 62 

[ncreasixg Demand for Cotton . 
Lighting : 62 

i SwEEr 62 

B [EU 

Wei ■ 



Hanih.in 

Labor During Ginning Season Highestofthi •''! 

Buying Everything Together- Most satisfactory. <">4 

Belti n « ; 



ES 

Bagging and Ties. . 

Our Wit 

National Cotton Oil Co., Paris, Tex., fi-gin outfit 
Peter Faust & Co., New Braunfels, Tex., 8-gin outfit.. . 
Committee Texas State Fair and Exposition, Dallas. 
Dallas Cotton and Woolen Mill, S.D.Blake, President. . 70 

D. C. Kincaid, Forney, Tex., 3 70-gin outfit 71 
J. II. Schwab, Hochheim", Tex., 1-gin outfit. 

B. T. Blanton, Whitewright, Tex., 2-gin outfit. 
Deitz it Courson, Beulah, Miss., 3-huller gin outfit 
V. S. Scoville, Pearsall, Tex , 2-gin outfit,. 
Buchell Milling Co., Cuero, Tex., 1 0-gin outfit . . 

E. A. Gracey, Dallas, Tex., 3-gin outfit 73 

Dallas Herald 

Texas Farm and Ranch, DalL 

And many others 






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